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Capital city: Jakarta
Government system: Presidential Republic
Surface Area: Approximately 1.9 million square kilometres
Population: Around 277 million (2023 estimate)
Languages Spoken: Bahasa Indonesia (official), with many regional languages and dialects
Major Religions: Islam (majority), Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism
Country Information
Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago, made up of over 17,000 islands stretching between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with five main islands dominating the landscape: Java, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Malaysia and Brunei), Sulawesi and Papua. The country’s capital is Jakarta, a bustling metropolis on Java that is home to millions and acts as the nation’s political and economic hub. With a surface area of about 1.9 million square kilometres, Indonesia’s geography is incredibly diverse, ranging from dense tropical rainforests and vast volcanic mountain ranges to idyllic beaches and coral reefs. This unique geography has made it one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth, often referred to as the “Amazon of the Seas” due to its rich marine life.
The population of Indonesia is over 270 million, making it the fourth most populous country in the world. It is a vibrant mix of ethnic groups, cultures and traditions, with Javanese being the largest ethnic group. Bahasa Indonesia is the official language, serving as a unifying tongue across the thousands of islands, although more than 700 local languages and dialects are spoken daily. Islam is the predominant religion, with Indonesia hosting the largest Muslim population in the world, but there are also significant Christian, Hindu, Buddhist and indigenous communities, particularly in areas such as Bali, North Sulawesi and Papua. This religious and cultural diversity is deeply woven into the nation’s identity, reflected in the national motto, “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” (Unity in Diversity).
Politically, Indonesia is a presidential republic with a multiparty system, where the president serves as both head of state and government. Since gaining independence from Dutch colonial rule in 1945, the nation has developed into one of Southeast Asia’s strongest economies, driven by natural resources, agriculture, manufacturing and an expanding services sector. Tourism also plays a vital role, with destinations such as Bali, Yogyakarta, and Komodo National Park attracting millions each year. Despite challenges such as rapid urbanisation, natural disasters and environmental concerns, Indonesia remains a dynamic and resilient country, balancing its traditions with the demands of modern growth.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💰 Currency
Official Currency: Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), often abbreviated as “Rp.”
Coins: Rp100, Rp200, Rp500, and Rp1,000.
Banknotes: Rp1,000, Rp2,000, Rp5,000, Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000, and Rp100,000 are in common circulation.
🔄 Currency Exchange
Currency can be exchanged at:
🏦 Banks
💱 Currency exchange offices (widely available in major cities and tourist areas)
🏨 Hotels (often with less favourable rates)
🏧 ATMs are available in most cities and larger towns, usually offering competitive exchange rates.
💳 Credit & Debit Cards
✅ Widely accepted in: Hotels, restaurants, shopping centres, and larger shops in urban areas.
⚠️ Less common in: Traditional markets, small shops, and rural areas — cash is preferred here.
Visa and Mastercard are the most commonly accepted cards. American Express is accepted in some international hotels and upscale establishments.
Tipping
🍽️ Restaurants
A tip of around 10% is standard if service isn’t already included.
🏨 Hotels
Around IDR 20,000–50,000 is customary for bellhops or housekeeping staff.
🚕 Taxis
Not expected, but rounding up to the nearest IDR 5,000–10,000 is appreciated.
🧭 Tour Guides / Drivers
Around IDR 100,000–200,000 per day is typical, depending on service quality and group size.
Communications
📱 Mobile Phones & SIM Cards
If you’re planning to stay connected while travelling in Indonesia, picking up a local SIM card is both cheap and straightforward. It’s the best way to access affordable mobile data and local call rates without relying solely on Wi-Fi.
Major Providers:
Telkomsel – widest coverage, including many remote islands
XL Axiata – strong data packages with good speeds in urban areas
Indosat Ooredoo (IM3) – competitive prices, especially for tourists
Where to buy: SIM cards are available at airport kiosks, official mobile shops, shopping centres, and small electronics stores. Don’t forget to bring your passport — it’s required for registration.
Cost: Expect to pay around IDR 50,000–100,000 for a SIM with a few GB of data and some local call minutes. Top-ups (pulsa) are available everywhere, from convenience shops and supermarkets to street kiosks.
🌐 Internet & Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi hotspots: Free Wi-Fi is widely available in hotels, many cafés and restaurants, and sometimes in shopping malls or transport hubs.
Connection quality: Speeds are generally reliable in major cities and tourist destinations like Bali, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. In more rural areas or on smaller islands, expect slower or intermittent service.
💡 Tip
Download offline maps before travelling to remote islands — they’ll be invaluable if your signal drops out.
Getting around
🚖 Taxis and Ride-Hailing Apps
In most Indonesian cities, taxis are a straightforward way to get around, but it is best to use reputable companies such as Blue Bird, which are known for their reliable service and metered fares. In recent years, ride-hailing apps like Grab and Gojek have become extremely popular, offering not only car rides but also motorbike taxis, food delivery and even courier services. These apps are convenient, affordable and easy to use, especially if you link them to a local SIM card for data access.
🛵 Scooters and Motorbike Rentals
One of the most common ways to travel, particularly on islands like Bali and Lombok, is by hiring a scooter. Rentals are inexpensive, but tourists should be aware that traffic can be chaotic and driving standards vary widely. A valid international driving permit is legally required, and helmets are mandatory. Police checks are frequent, and accidents are not uncommon, so it’s wise to only rent a scooter if you feel confident in your ability. For short trips, using an ojek (motorbike taxi) via apps such as Gojek is often safer and avoids parking hassles.
🚌 Buses, Trains and Domestic Flights
Indonesia’s vast size and geography mean that long-distance travel is best covered by trains on Java, ferries between islands, and domestic flights for greater distances. Train travel in Java is modern, comfortable and reasonably priced, with online booking systems available in English. Public buses in cities can be challenging for newcomers, with irregular schedules and limited information, although some cities like Jakarta now have more organised bus rapid transit systems. For island-hopping, ferries connect many routes, but safety standards vary. Domestic airlines such as Garuda Indonesia and Lion Air operate extensive networks, with flights often being the quickest way to move between distant islands.
Health advice
The US Center For Disease Control maintains an updated list of medical advice for those travelling to Indonesia
🩺 Health Advice for Tourists in Indonesia
💉 Vaccinations and Preventative Care
Before travelling to Indonesia, it is recommended to ensure your routine vaccinations are up to date, such as tetanus, measles, and hepatitis A. Depending on the regions you plan to visit, additional vaccines such as typhoid, hepatitis B, or rabies may be advised, particularly if you are venturing into rural areas or expect close contact with animals. Consult your GP or a travel health clinic well in advance of your trip, ideally 6–8 weeks before departure.
🦟 Mosquito Protection and Malaria Risk
Mosquito-borne illnesses are a concern in Indonesia, including dengue fever, malaria, and chikungunya. In many urban areas malaria risk is low, but in rural and forested regions, it can still be present. Always use insect repellent with DEET, wear long-sleeved clothing in the evenings, and sleep under mosquito nets if staying in simple accommodation. Some travellers may be prescribed antimalarial tablets depending on their itinerary.
🚰 Food and Water Safety
Traveller’s diarrhoea is common, so it is wise to take precautions. Always drink bottled or boiled water, and avoid ice unless you are confident it comes from a safe source. Stick to freshly cooked food served hot, and be careful with raw salads, unpeeled fruit, and street food if hygiene looks questionable. Carrying hand sanitiser and rehydration salts can help manage minor stomach upsets should they occur.
🌞 Heat, Humidity, and Sun Protection
Indonesia’s tropical climate can be extremely hot and humid. Dehydration and heat exhaustion are common among tourists, especially when sightseeing or hiking. Always carry water, wear lightweight clothing, and use sun protection such as hats and high-factor sunscreen. Take breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas during the hottest part of the day to avoid heatstroke.
🏥 Medical Care and Travel Insurance
Healthcare standards vary widely across Indonesia. Major cities like Jakarta and Bali have private clinics and hospitals with good facilities, but rural areas may only have basic services. Comprehensive travel insurance covering medical treatment and emergency evacuation is essential. Keep a small first aid kit with basic supplies such as plasters, antiseptic cream, and any personal medication you require.
Safety
Indonesia is mostly a safe country to travel to, though it still has its dangers from natural disasters to terrorism and petty theft. Be very cautious on the streets of Indonesia and plan your trip carefully.
Taxis & Transport
Though public transport is significantly better than in its neighbouring countries, you should always try to call your reliable taxi driver instead of hailing one on the streets. There are many taxi-related scams, where taxi drivers drive off before you get a chance to take your luggage or force you to collect money from an ATM. Keep in mind that road conditions and drivers’ behaviour are probably different from what you’re used to.
Pickpocketing risk
Pickpocketing and bag snatching is a very common issue in Indonesia, especially in public and crowded places like bus and train stations and airports. Keep your belongings by your side at all times and try to leave all your valuables in a security deposit box of your hotel.
Natural disasters
Since it is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire (which is the name of an area with a high degree of tectonic activity), Indonesia is especially susceptible to risks of volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, but also floods and tsunamis.
Mugging risk
Mugging in Indonesia is generally rare, and foreigners are rarely targeted. Violent crime rates are not too high though you should still avoid dark and deserted areas.
Terrorism risk
There is a high risk of this country being targeted for a terrorist attack. Recent ones involved suicide bombings and small-arms fire. The last one was performed on May 24th, 2017 when there were bomb explosions at the Kampung Melayu bus station in East Jakarta, killing three police officers.
Scam risks
Scams are an issue in Indonesia, like in most countries, and you should be very vigilant, decline all drinks sent by strangers (since drink spiking is very common in this country), double-check every piece of information and negotiate everything in advance. The most common scams in Indonesia are credit card-related, so be careful when collecting your money.
Risks for female travellers
Indonesia is not the safest for solo female travellers. There is the risk of getting unwanted attention or even the risk of sexual assaults toward women. Avoid parts of cities that are filled with bars and clubs, and visit them alone, since there is a higher chance of running into intoxicated people.
Local laws and customs
Religion
You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. You should be aware of offending Islamic sensitivities. Westerners have occasionally been harassed by fundamentalists in bars and nightclubs, particularly around major Islamic holidays such as Ramadan.
Drugs
Do not get involved with illegal drugs. Possession, trafficking, and manufacturing of such drugs are serious offences in Indonesia. Those caught face lengthy prison sentences or the death penalty, usually after a protracted and expensive legal process. Police often raid locations (particularly in Bali) known to be frequented by foreigners and may require an individual to take a urine or blood test where they have reasonable suspicion that drugs have been taken. Drug use or the possession of even small amounts of drugs such as marijuana or ecstasy can lead to prison sentences longer than four years. Convicted traffickers or users of hard drugs such as cocaine or heroin face the death penalty in Indonesia.
Gambling
Gambling is illegal in Indonesia. There have been cases where tourists have fallen victim to organised gambling gangs, resulting in the loss of large amounts of money.
Identification
You must show evidence of your identity if it is requested by, for example, the Police. You should carry photocopies of the relevant pages of your passport and your arrival card to avoid losing the original, which should be kept in a safe place.
Useful emergency numbers
| Service | Dial |
| Police | 110 |
| Fire | 113 |
| Ambulance | 118 |
| General Emergency | 112 |
Climate
🌦️ Climate Advice for Tourists Visiting Indonesia
Indonesia’s tropical climate offers a rich variety of experiences, but it also requires some preparation. The weather is generally warm and humid throughout the year, with distinct wet and dry seasons that vary slightly between regions. Tourists should plan carefully to make the most of their trip, whether heading to the beaches of Bali, the jungles of Sumatra, or the cultural heartlands of Java.
📅 Climate Overview
| Season | Months | Weather Conditions | Travel Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry Season | May – September | Sunny, lower humidity, occasional showers | Best for outdoor activities, trekking, and beach holidays |
| Wet Season | October – April | Heavy rain, high humidity, risk of flooding in some regions | Still warm, but travel can be disrupted |
| Shoulder Months | April & October | Transition period, mixed weather | Fewer tourists, good deals on accommodation |
🧳 Packing Tips
Light clothing – Breathable cotton or linen clothes are best for the heat and humidity.
Rain protection – A compact waterproof jacket or poncho for sudden tropical downpours.
Sun protection – High-factor sunscreen, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat are essential.
Footwear – Comfortable walking sandals for towns, sturdy shoes for hikes, and flip-flops for beaches.
Insect repellent – Mosquitoes are common, especially in rural and jungle areas.
Reusable water bottle – Stay hydrated while reducing plastic waste.
🌴 Best Time to Visit
The dry season (May to September) is widely considered the most pleasant time to travel. Skies are clearer, humidity is lower, and outdoor adventures such as hiking volcanoes, snorkelling, or exploring temples are more comfortable.
That said, the wet season (October to April) should not be dismissed entirely. Rain usually comes in heavy bursts rather than all day, and the lush landscapes are at their most vibrant. Fewer tourists also mean quieter sites and lower prices.
Visa information
🛂 Visa Information for Tourists Visiting Indonesia
Travelling to Indonesia requires some preparation when it comes to entry requirements, as visa rules vary depending on nationality, length of stay, and purpose of visit. For UK and many other foreign tourists, Indonesia offers different visa options, including visa-free entry, visa on arrival, and electronic visas. It is always advisable to check the most up-to-date regulations before travelling, as rules can change with little notice.
✈️ Visa-Free Entry
Citizens of certain countries, including the UK, can enter Indonesia without a visa for short stays of up to 30 days. This visa-free option is strictly for tourism, cultural visits, family visits, or transit purposes. It cannot be extended or converted into another type of visa, so travellers must depart the country before the 30 days are up.
🏖️ Visa on Arrival (VoA)
For those wishing to stay longer or have more flexibility, Indonesia offers a Visa on Arrival at major airports and seaports. This visa costs approximately IDR 500,000 (around £25–30) and is valid for 30 days, with the option to extend once for another 30 days at local immigration offices. This makes it a good choice for tourists planning to stay up to 60 days.
💻 Electronic Visa (e-VoA)
Indonesia also provides an electronic Visa on Arrival (e-VoA), which can be applied for online before travelling. This system is designed to save time at the airport and functions in the same way as the standard VoA, including the option to extend. The application can usually be completed through the official Indonesian immigration website.
📌 Long-Stay Options
Travellers wishing to stay beyond 60 days may need to apply for other types of visas, such as a social, cultural, or business visa. These often require sponsorship from an Indonesian resident or organisation and should be arranged before arrival.
📝 Key Reminders
Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months from the date of entry.
You may be asked to show proof of onward travel, such as a return or onward flight ticket.
Always carry copies of your visa and passport while travelling within Indonesia.
Penalties for overstaying can include fines, detention, or even deportation.
Electrical
All power sockets in Indonesia provide a standard voltage of 230V with a standard frequency of 50Hz.
You can use all your equipment in Indonesia if the outlet voltage in your own country is between 100V-240V. This is mostly the case in Europe, Australia, United Kingdom and most countries in Africa and Asia.
Which power plugs and sockets are used in Indonesia?
Type C – The standard European plug. Commonly used in Europe, South-America and Asia, but also in quite a few other countries. Plugs of type E and F will also fit in a type C outlet.
Type F – Used in almost all European countries and Russia. Also known as the Schuko plug. Plugs of type C and E will also fit in a type F socket.
