Burana Tower is an 11th-century Karakhanid minaret standing in the Chuy Valley of northern Kyrgyzstan near Tokmok and it offers visitors dramatic steppe views a climbable staircase and a fascinating open-air museum of ancient Turkic balbals.
Kyrgyzstan: Hiking Ala-Archa National Park
A Morning Among the Mountains: Ala Archa Gorge
We’d had a late afternoon flight out of Bishkek, which meant we had a whole morning to fill before we needed to even think about the airport. Valerie, who’d been driving us about for days with the patience of a saint, pointed the car south out of the city towards the Tian Shan mountains. Now, if you’ve never heard of the Tian Shan, don’t feel too bad about it, neither had we until fairly recently, but they are an enormous range, stretching some 2,500 kilometres across Central Asia and poking their peaks into China and Kazakhstan as well as Kyrgyzstan. The name means “Celestial Mountains”, which is the sort of grand title that usually turns out to be a letdown in person, but in this case it rather undersold things. Some of these peaks go up past 7,000 metres, and the daddy of them all, Jengish Chokusu, or Peak Pobeda as the Russians called it, tops out at 7,439 metres and has a well-earned reputation as one of the nastier climbs on the planet. We were not climbing it. We were going for a walk in a gorge, which struck us as a far more sensible way to spend a Tuesday morning.
🚐 Getting There and Getting Going
It took about an hour to reach the visitor centre for Ala Archa National Park, a name that comes from the Ala Archa river running through it, which itself apparently means something like “variegated juniper” in the local tongue, on account of all the juniper scrub that grows along its banks. The park sits at roughly 1,800 metres above sea level, which is high enough that you notice it a bit in your lungs but not so high that you feel you ought to be wearing an oxygen mask and looking heroic. It covers about 57,000 hectares altogether, taking in glaciers, alpine meadows, and slopes thick with Tian Shan spruce clinging on for dear life to what look like impossibly steep hillsides. It’s been a protected area since 1976, which was still the Soviet era, of course, Kyrgyzstan being one of those republics that only became properly independent in 1991 when the whole USSR came apart at the seams. There’s something pleasingly ironic about a state that produced an awful lot of grim concrete architecture also having the foresight to protect a landscape as handsome as this one.
We left the car at the visitor centre and caught a little bus up to where the walking trail actually begins, and we were rather pleased with ourselves for having set off early, because the crowds that would inevitably turn up later hadn’t arrived yet, and for a good while we more or less had the whole gorge to ourselves. Before we even got going, mind, we stopped at the café by the cable car station for a coffee, which in retrospect was one of the better decisions of the trip. A caffeine top-up before a mountain walk never did anyone any harm, and we sat there for ten minutes feeling thoroughly organised and pleased with ourselves, which is not a sensation that comes along often when you’re travelling.
🐎 Horses, Squirrels and a Broken Promise
We’d gone barely any distance at all along the path when a couple of horses stopped us dead in our tracks, grazing away at the side of the trail as if we weren’t even there. Lovely creatures, entirely unbothered by two middle-aged Brits fumbling about with cameras, and well worth the photographs we took of them. A bit further along, though, the local squirrel population made their presence felt, and this is where things rather went off the rails.
The squirrels of Ala Archa have clearly done their market research. They’ve worked out that visitors turn up with food fairly regularly, and they’ve adjusted their whole approach to life accordingly, bold as you like, quick off the mark, and laser-focused on anything that might be edible. Jan, who I should mention is not normally the sort to go about encouraging wild animals, had brought along a little bag of sunflower seeds. Now, we are, as a matter of principle, people who do not feed wildlife. It’s one of those rules you make for yourself and feel quite virtuous about. This particular rule lasted all of thirty seconds. The squirrels were simply too entertaining, too cheeky, too good at the begging routine, and before we knew it the local birds had clocked what was going on and decided they weren’t about to be left out of anything either, swooping in and taking seeds directly out of Karen’s hand without so much as a thank you. It was a thoroughly undignified half hour, and we enjoyed every second of it. There’s a lesson in there somewhere about the gap between the principles you hold and the principles you actually act on, but I shan’t dwell on it.
🏔️ Up Into the Gorge
Having concluded our brief and unplanned career as wildlife caterers, we carried on up the trail through the gorge proper, and it became obvious fairly quickly why the place draws the crowds it does. The valley walls rise steeply either side of you, with the distant peaks visible beyond them, and the whole scene has that particular drama you only get from a landscape that’s been carved out by glaciers and rivers over an almost unimaginable stretch of time and couldn’t care less whether anyone’s admiring it or not. Below the path, every so often, you’d catch a glimpse of the Ala Archa river itself, still cheerfully getting on with the job of carving the valley a bit deeper, as it’s presumably been doing since long before anyone thought to build a visitor centre nearby.
The walking itself was easy going, which we appreciated greatly, being neither of us in our first flush of youth. The path was wide and tarmacked and rose only gently, the kind of trail that lets you actually look around at the scenery instead of spending the whole time staring at your boots worrying about tripping over a root. We kept at it for about a mile until we came to a wide, flat riverbed, bone dry at that point in the year but clearly a very different proposition once the winter snowmelt and spring rains get going. We stood there a few minutes, took in the view, and didn’t say a great deal, which is sometimes exactly the right response to a place like that.
On the way back down, the school parties started turning up, groups of children of assorted ages making their way up the gorge in noisy, cheerful clumps in the opposite direction. By the time we reached the trailhead again, the quiet of the morning had thoroughly evaporated, and we felt, I will admit, rather smug about having got there first.
💭 Reflections
Looking back, it was a funny little morning to end a trip on, not a grand finale exactly, more a pleasant afterthought squeezed in before a flight. But that’s rather often how the best bits of a holiday go. Nobody plans the squirrels. You don’t put “feed local wildlife against your own better judgement” on the itinerary, and yet that’s the bit we were still laughing about days later, not the mountains, impressive as they undoubtedly were. The Tian Shan will go on being enormous and indifferent to visitors whether we’d turned up or not, which is rather the point of mountains, I think. What we’ll actually remember is a couple of horses who couldn’t be bothered to look up, and some thoroughly spoiled squirrels who’d worked out exactly how to get a free breakfast out of two softhearted Brits with a bag of seeds and no self-control whatsoever.
Planning a Visit to Ala-Archa National Park
📍 Location | Chuy Oblast, Kyrgyzstan, 40 km south of Bishkek
| 🕖 Opening Times | Daily, 24 hours (park open year-round) | 🌐 Website | alaarchapark.kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📞 Phone | +996 312 541 460 | info@alaarchapark.kg |
🎟️ Entry Fees
| Category | Fee |
|---|---|
| Foreign Nationals | 600 KGS |
| Kyrgyz Citizens | 100 KGS |
| Children (under 7) | Free |
| Vehicle Entry | 200 KGS |
ℹ️ Notes | Fees payable at the entrance gate. The park is open year-round but some trails may be inaccessible in winter due to snow. A ranger station near the entrance provides trail maps and information.
🚗 Getting There
The park is around 40 km south of Bishkek along a well-maintained road. The most straightforward option is to take a taxi or hire a car from the city, which takes roughly 45–60 minutes depending on traffic. Agree on a fare before departing, as most drivers will quote a round trip including waiting time. Shared marshrutkas (minibuses) run from Bishkek’s Western Bus Station toward Kashka-Suu village, from where you can walk or hitch a ride the remaining few kilometres to the park gate. Renting a car is also practical if you plan to explore independently.
Getting to and Around Bishkek
✈️ Flying Into Bishkek
The main gateway to Kyrgyzstan is Manas International Airport (IATA: FRU/BSZ), around 25 km north-west of the city centre. A single terminal handles both domestic and international flights. Major carriers include Turkish Airlines, Air Astana, flydubai, Pegasus Airlines, and Uzbekistan Airways, with direct connections from Istanbul, Dubai, Almaty, Tashkent, Moscow, Beijing, Seoul, and Delhi, among others. The airport offers free Wi-Fi, currency exchange, dining, and duty-free shopping. Note that a major terminal expansion has been under way since early 2025.
🚌 Airport to City Centre
By marshrutka
Route 380 departs from just outside Arrivals, running every 15 minutes between roughly 6:30 am and 8:30 pm. The journey takes 35–40 minutes and costs under $1 (50–70 KGS). Route 153 is an alternative with a slightly different city-centre routing. Not suitable for very early or late flights.
By taxi or ride-hailing app
Yandex Go is the dominant app, offering upfront fares, English support, and card or cash payment. A ride to the city centre costs around 500–1,200 KGS ($6–14) depending on traffic. Namba Taxi is the main local alternative, and offers a female-only driver option. If arriving without a booked ride, use the official taxi desk in Arrivals rather than accepting approaches from drivers outside.
🚐 Getting Around the City
Marshrutkas
Privately operated minibuses are the backbone of urban transport — cheap (around 10–12 KGS), frequent, and covering the whole city. Flag one down anywhere along its route and ask the driver to stop wherever you need. Routes can be checked on the bus.kg website or app, which has English-language support. Pay in cash.
Trolleybuses and buses
Bishkek has an extensive trolleybus network alongside diesel bus routes, both converging on key stops near Tsum Centre and the Philharmonia. Services run from around 5:30 am until 10 pm. Board at the rear, exit at the front. Cash only.
City taxis
App-based taxis via Yandex Go are the most transparent option, with fares typically 100–250 KGS ($1–3) for most journeys. Deluxe Taxi and SMS Taxi are also available by app or phone.
🗺️ Navigation Apps
Google Maps is unreliable in Kyrgyzstan — it frequently shows non-existent roads and poor routing. Two apps are considered essential:
- 2GIS — the best city navigation tool for Bishkek, with detailed offline maps, current business listings, and public transport routes. Now available in Russian and Kyrgyz.
- Maps.me — better for travel beyond the city, covering rural areas, hiking trails, and mountain passes with reliable offline maps. Download the full Kyrgyzstan pack on Wi-Fi before leaving the city.
🚗 Car Hire
Car hire offers flexibility but comes with caveats. Roads outside Bishkek are frequently potholed, poorly lit, and signposted in Cyrillic only. Local driving can be unpredictable, and a zero blood-alcohol limit is strictly enforced. A valid driving licence from your home country is generally accepted; carrying an International Driving Permit (IDP) is also advisable. Most rental agencies are based at the airport or in the city — availability elsewhere is very limited. A 4×4 is strongly recommended for any travel beyond paved roads.
🚉 Overland from Almaty, Kazakhstan
Bishkek is around 230 km from Almaty, making it a popular overland route. The Ak-Zhol/Kordai border crossing is open 24/7 and is visa-free for most Western passport holders including UK and EU citizens.
By bus: Departs from Bishkek’s New Bus Station (the old Western Bus Station closed permanently in autumn 2024) to Almaty’s Sayran Bus Station several times daily. Journey time is around 4–5 hours including the border crossing, costing approximately $4–6.
By shared taxi: Faster at around 4 hours, departing when full (typically four passengers). Expect to pay $10–12 per seat — popular with solo travellers. Queues at the border can run 30–90 minutes at busy periods.
Note that Kyrgyz som (KGS) and Kazakhstani tenge (KZT) are not interchangeable — exchange at the border or in the city.
💳 Practical Payment Tips
Public transport throughout Bishkek operates almost exclusively on cash. Cards are accepted in supermarkets and city-centre restaurants, but for marshrutkas, buses, markets, and small shops, always carry notes and coins. ATMs are widely available in the city centre; the 2GIS app is handy for locating the nearest one.
Vegan Dining
Here is a guide to well-known vegan-friendly restaurants and cafés in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Note that Bishkek currently has no fully vegan-only establishments; all venues listed below are non-vegan restaurants and cafés that are well regarded for their clearly marked or accommodating vegan options. Always confirm with staff when ordering, as menus and labelling can vary.
🍃 NAVAT (Чайхана НАВАТ)
NAVAT is a popular Kyrgyz restaurant chain and one of the most recommended spots for vegan visitors in Bishkek. The menu features traditional Central Asian and Kyrgyz cuisine with clearly labelled vegan options, including vegan lagman (noodle soup), an excellent range of salads, eggplant dishes, and baursaki (fried dough). Staff are reported to be helpful and knowledgeable about vegan requests. The beautifully decorated interiors make it a favourite with both locals and tourists.
- Location: Multiple branches across Bishkek; main locations include 42 Sultan Ibraimov St and 55 Baitik Baatyr St
- Website: navat.kg
- Phone: +996 551 571 111 (Ibraimov branch) / +996 551 061 111 (Baitik Baatyr branch)
- Opening hours:
- Monday–Sunday: 10:00 am – 12:00 am (midnight)
☕ Sierra Coffee (Сьерра Кофе)
Sierra Coffee is Bishkek’s best-known and best-loved café chain, established in 2012, with multiple locations across the city. It offers clearly labelled vegetarian and vegan options on its menu, including a vegan burger, Mexican-inspired vegan tacos, salads, and a selection of non-dairy milks for coffee drinks. Its cosy atmosphere, outdoor seating, and rotating seasonal menu make it a dependable everyday stop for vegan visitors.
- Location: Multiple branches; flagship at 57/1 Manas Ave (near the Philharmonic)
- Website: taplink.cc/sierra.kg
- Phone: +996 770 96 96 64
- Opening hours:
- Monday–Sunday: 7:30 am – 11:00 pm
🥣 Kölökö
Kölökö is regarded as one of Bishkek’s most vegan-friendly cafés, with a clearly marked menu, friendly and knowledgeable staff, and a relaxed European-influenced atmosphere. It serves international cuisine with an Italian and Mediterranean lean — think vegan pasta, grain bowls, and salads — and offers outdoor seating. Reviewers consistently praise it for being genuinely easy to navigate as a vegan diner.
- Location: 229 Abdymomunov Street, Bishkek
- Website: Instagram: @koloko.bishkekte
- Phone: +996 701 504 040
- Opening hours:
- Monday–Sunday: 8:00 am – 11:00 pm
🥙 Bublik (Бублик)
Bublik is a beloved and well-established café in central Bishkek, known for its hip décor, excellent coffee, and a menu that includes a number of vegan-adaptable dishes such as lentil soup, quinoa salad, eggplant salad, falafel, and hummus. The café offers non-dairy milk options. It doubles as an art space adorned with paintings and sculptures. Note that not all dishes are clearly labelled vegan, so it is advisable to check with staff.
- Location: Togolok Moldo St / Kiyevskaya St 114/2B, Bishkek (city centre)
- Website: Instagram: @bublik.bishkek
- Phone: +996 551 155 555
- Opening hours:
- Monday–Saturday: 8:00 am – 12:00 am (midnight)
- Sunday: 10:00 am – 12:00 am (midnight)
🌿 Pekarius (Пекариус)
Pekarius is a fusion café with a reputation for being very vegan-friendly and for stocking Alpro plant-based milks for its coffee drinks. The menu spans American, Asian, and Western influences with clearly marked vegan dishes; staff are noted for being willing to adapt dishes on request. It has a cosy, relaxed atmosphere with outdoor seating and is a popular work-from-café spot.
- Location: 55 Yakova Logvinenko St (ul. Logvinenko), Bishkek
- Website: Instagram: @pekarius
- Phone: +996 555 123 923
- Opening hours:
- Monday–Sunday: 8:00 am – 11:00 pm
🌸 Herb Cafe
Herb Cafe is a Korean-style café that has gained a following amongst vegan diners for its clearly marked plant-based options, including mushroom and tofu toppap (rice bowls). It is a friendly, compact spot with a relaxed atmosphere, outdoor seating, and credit card facilities. Reviewers recommend confirming whether kimchi is vegan and requesting that egg be omitted where relevant.
- Location: 169 Toktogul St, Bishkek
- Website: Instagram: @herbcafe.kg
- Phone: +996 555 531 155
- Opening hours:
- Monday–Sunday: 10:30 am – 11:30 pm
The Best Time to Visit Kyrgyzstan
🌸 Spring (March–May)
Spring arrives tentatively in Kyrgyzstan, with March still bitterly cold at altitude and the mountain passes largely snowbound. By April the lowland valleys begin to green, wildflowers carpet the foothills, and the rivers run high and fast with snowmelt. May is the real revelation: the steppe turns emerald, shepherds begin their annual migration to the jailoos (summer pastures), and the air is cool and crystalline. Crowds are thin, prices are low, and the landscape is at its most lush and photogenic. High passes such as the Torugart and Irkeshtam remain iffy until late May, and unpredictable snowfall can close roads without warning.
What to pack: Layering is everything — thermal base layers, a fleece mid-layer, and a waterproof shell with hood; warm hat and gloves; waterproof hiking boots with ankle support; lightweight trousers that dry quickly; sun protection (SPF 50+, UV-blocking sunglasses, wide-brim hat); insect repellent for the lower valleys; a compact umbrella; portable power bank; and a headtorch for rural guesthouses.
☀️ Summer (June–August)
This is peak season and for good reason. The high mountain passes are open, the jailoos teem with life — yurts, horses, eagles, and the smell of woodsmoke — and long daylight hours allow ambitious trekking itineraries. The Tian Shan and Pamir-Alai ranges are fully accessible, and classic routes such as the Ala-Kul loop, the World Nomad Games circuit, and the trek to Peak Lenin base camp are all in full swing. Temperatures in the valleys can nudge 35 °C, while above 3,000 metres nights drop sharply. July and August bring occasional afternoon thunderstorms — dramatic but manageable. Expect higher prices, fuller guesthouses, and the possibility of bumping into other travellers on the most popular trails.
What to pack: Lightweight moisture-wicking shirts and convertible trekking trousers; a down or synthetic insulated jacket for high camps and cold nights; quality waterproof jacket; trekking boots already broken in; trekking poles; sleeping bag rated to −5 °C; a water filter or purification tablets; high-factor sunscreen and lip balm; a wide-brim sun hat; a bandana or buff; sandals for camp; and sufficient cash in soms (ATMs are scarce outside Bishkek and Osh).
🍂 Autumn (September–November)
September is arguably the single finest month in Kyrgyzstan. The summer crowds have thinned, the light is golden and low, the aspen and birch groves blaze amber and copper, and the high passes are still passable — just. October sees the first serious snowfall above 3,000 metres and the closure of many mountain roads; lower valley hiking and horse trekking remain excellent. Temperatures plunge in November and the tourist infrastructure in rural areas begins to hibernate. The harvest season means local markets overflow with walnuts, dried apricots, pomegranates, and honey. Accommodation is easier to find and slightly cheaper than in peak summer, and the atmosphere is quietly unhurried.
What to pack: A warmer insulated jacket (down-fill recommended); waterproof over-trousers; thermal underlayers; warm hat, gloves, and scarf; waterproof trekking boots with good grip for early snow and mud; wool or synthetic hiking socks; a compact day pack with rain cover; portable charger; travel insurance documents (important given road and weather unpredictability); and an extra day’s worth of snacks and emergency supplies on mountain routes.
❄️ Winter (December–February)
Winter in Kyrgyzstan is austere and extraordinary. The country empties of tourists almost entirely, prices fall to their lowest, and the landscape becomes a monochrome study in white and grey, interrupted occasionally by brilliant blue skies and the blinding reflections of fresh snow. Bishkek and Osh remain navigable and have their own quiet charms — hammams, bazaars, and guesthouses run by families who are delighted to receive the rare winter visitor. Karakol hosts a ski resort that, while modest by Alpine standards, offers genuinely uncrowded skiing and snowshoeing. Many guesthouses and community-based tourism facilities outside the cities are closed. Travel between rural communities requires a 4WD vehicle and local knowledge. Altitude, cold, and isolation combine to make this a season best suited to experienced cold-weather travellers.
What to pack: Heavyweight insulated jacket (rated to at least −20 °C); thermal base layers (merino wool preferred); fleece mid-layer; insulated and waterproof trousers; winter boots rated to −30 °C; balaclava; heavy gloves or mittens; hand and toe warmers; merino wool socks (several pairs); ski goggles if heading to Karakol; a hip flask of something warming; power banks (cold kills batteries fast); and a comprehensive first-aid kit.
ason at a Glance
🏔️ Overall Best Time to Visit
If there is a single finest window to visit Kyrgyzstan, it is the golden overlap between late summer and early autumn — roughly mid-August through the end of September. The high passes are still reliably open, the jailoos remain occupied by nomadic families, the trekking trails are in their best condition, and the oblique autumn light lends everything — glacier, steppe, walnut grove, and bazaar — a warmth and depth that summer’s harsher midday glare cannot match. Crowds are thinner than in July, the air is cleaner after summer’s dust, and prices have begun to soften. For travellers who cannot make that window, June and July offer the fullest range of high-altitude experiences, whilst September alone stands as a compelling choice for those willing to pack an extra fleece and accept that some passes may close without notice. Kyrgyzstan rewards the flexible traveller: it is a country where conditions change fast, where a detour often proves more memorable than the planned route, and where the people themselves — at almost any time of year — remain the warmest thing in the landscape.
Where to Stay in Bishkek?
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Hyatt Regency Bishkek
The Hyatt Regency is quite simply the best hotel in Bishkek and, frankly, it knows it. Named Kyrgyzstan’s Leading Hotel at the World Travel Awards in 2025, it occupies a commanding position in the city centre and delivers exactly what you’d expect from the Hyatt brand: spacious, well-appointed rooms with proper beds, reliable Wi-Fi, and the sort of service that anticipates what you need before you’ve quite worked it out yourself. There’s an excellent fitness centre, a pool, multiple dining options, and meeting facilities for those who can’t quite leave the office behind even when they’re in Central Asia. The lobby is genuinely impressive, with a scale that makes the rest of Bishkek feel somewhat modest by comparison. Business travellers will appreciate the reliable infrastructure; leisure travellers will appreciate the reliable hot water. Rates are higher than you’d pay elsewhere in the city, but by Western European standards they represent decent value. If you’re going to do Bishkek in comfort, this is where you do it.
⭐⭐⭐⭐ Ramada by Wyndham
It’s a solid four-star property in a good central location, offering comfortable, well-furnished rooms with the kind of amenities that make a city stay genuinely pleasant rather than merely functional: decent breakfast, a bar, reliable air conditioning, and a team that actually responds when you ask for something. The décor is international-hotel rather than distinctively local, but the rooms are a proper size, the beds are comfortable, and the bathrooms work — which sounds like a low bar but is not always cleared in this part of the world. It’s an excellent choice for business travellers or those who want reliable comfort without the full luxury price tag. Book in advance; it fills up, which is generally a good sign.
⭐⭐⭐ Navat Hotel
The Navat Hotel is one of a fairly small number of genuine boutique properties in Bishkek, and it stands out from the standard mid-range hotel crowd in the best possible way. It sits in a central location close to the Opera and Ballet Theatre and the Museum of Fine Arts, which gives it a pleasantly cultured address as well as easy walking distance to most of the city’s main sights. There are just 14 rooms, which means the service is attentive in the way that only a small hotel can manage — you’re a guest rather than a room number. The rooms themselves are decorated with warm wooden tones, traditional Kyrgyz textiles, and local artwork, making them considerably more characterful than you’d normally expect at this price point. There’s a restaurant serving breakfast, a lounge, and — the genuine highlight — a spacious top-floor terrace with views across the city that makes it an excellent spot to sit at the end of an energetic day. Booking.com guests rate the location a rather impressive 9.6.
⭐⭐ Golden Dragon
The Golden Dragon Hotel offers one of the better budget options in Bishkek, with a Booking.com score of 8.2 — “Very Good” — suggesting that guests are consistently pleasantly surprised rather than disappointed. Rooms are basic but clean and reasonably sized, and the central location means you’re within walking distance of most of the city’s main attractions. It’s the sort of place where you get what you need rather than what you don’t: a clean bed, a working shower, breakfast available, and staff who are unfailingly helpful in a no-nonsense sort of way. The décor hasn’t changed dramatically since the hotel opened, but the fundamentals are sound. For solo travellers, couples on a budget, or anyone who takes the sensible view that a hotel is mostly a place to sleep, the Golden Dragon represents solid value in a city where accommodation costs are, by European standards, extremely forgiving. Just don’t expect a turndown service or complimentary bath salts.
Nomad Inn
The Nomad Inn is one of the best-regarded hostels in Bishkek, popular with the backpacker and budget traveller crowd who tend to have strong opinions about where they sleep and share them freely on the internet. The reviews are consistently positive, praising the friendly and knowledgeable staff, the clean dormitories, and the common areas where travellers exchange tips and make plans for the mountains. There’s a kitchen available, which is a genuine bonus in a city where eating out three times a day adds up; there are also private rooms for those who’ve reached the age — or the stage of a long trip — where dormitories no longer hold quite the same appeal. The location is central and the information provided by staff on transport, tours, and local tips is reportedly excellent. If you’re travelling on a tight budget, heading into the mountains, or simply want to meet other travellers in a relaxed and informal setting, the Nomad Inn is a thoroughly decent base of operations.
