Turkey

Çatalhöyük, one of the world’s earliest known urban settlements located in central Turkey, offers a fascinating glimpse into Neolithic life with its densely packed, mudbrick houses accessed by rooftop entrances, intricate wall paintings, and evidence of early agricultural practices, reflecting a surprisingly complex and organised society that thrived over 9,000 years ago.

Pamukkale-Hierapolis, located in the Denizli Province of southwestern Turkey, represents a uniquely integrated cultural and natural heritage site where the striking white travertine terraces, formed over millennia by the deposition of calcium carbonate from mineral-rich thermal waters, coexist with the extensive archaeological remains of the ancient Greco-Roman city of Hierapolis—founded in the 2nd century BCE—which include a remarkably preserved theatre, elaborate necropolis, thermal baths, and temples, collectively offering valuable insights into the religious, social, and architectural practices of the time while illustrating the continuous interaction between human activity and a dynamic geological environment.

Pergamon Archaeological Site in Turkey is a large and fascinating ancient city where visitors can explore well-preserved ruins such as a steep theatre on the hillside, the impressive remains of temples and altars, and the historic library, all of which show how important and advanced this place was in the Greek and Roman times.

Nestled within the windswept plains of north-western Anatolia, the archaeological site of Troy—immortalised in Homeric legend and meticulously excavated over the course of more than a century—presents a fascinating palimpsest of ancient civilisations, with its impressive fortification walls, layered ruins spanning millennia, and artefacts that offer invaluable insights into the complex interplay of myth, history, and cultural exchange in the ancient Aegean and Near Eastern worlds.

The historical areas of Istanbul, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcase a rich tapestry of Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman architecture, reflecting the city's unique position as a crossroads of civilizations.

Ephesus is an ancient city in Turkey’s Central Aegean region, near modern-day Selcuk. Its excavated remains reflect centuries of history, from classical Greece to the Roman Empire – when it was the Mediterranean’s main commercial center – to the spread of Christianity.