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Capital City: Nairobi
Government System: Unitary presidential republic
Surface Area: Approximately 580,367 km²
Population: Around 55 million (2025 estimate)
Languages Spoken: English, Swahili (official), plus many regional languages
Major Religions: Christianity (majority), Islam, traditional African beliefs, Hinduism
Country Overview
Kenya is a vibrant and diverse country located in East Africa, straddling the equator and bordered by the Indian Ocean to the southeast. Its capital city, Nairobi, is a bustling hub of business, culture, and politics, while the port city of Mombasa serves as the gateway to the coast. The country is famed for its spectacular landscapes, from the snow-capped peak of Mount Kenya to the sweeping savannahs of the Maasai Mara and the dramatic escarpments of the Great Rift Valley. Covering around 580,000 square kilometres, Kenya is home to a wide range of ecosystems, including tropical beaches, fertile highlands, arid deserts, and lush forests, making it one of Africa’s most geographically varied nations. This diversity has given rise to a rich biodiversity, including iconic wildlife such as elephants, lions, and rhinos, drawing millions of tourists each year.
Kenya’s population of over 55 million people is a mosaic of more than 40 ethnic groups, each with its own language, traditions, and way of life. The largest groups include the Kikuyu, Luhya, Luo, and Maasai, but Swahili and English serve as the official languages, helping unite the population in education, governance, and trade. The cultural heritage of the country blends traditional practices with modern influences, creating a society that is both deeply rooted in its past and highly adaptable to global trends. Religion plays a significant role in everyday life, with Christianity being the dominant faith, followed by Islam, particularly along the coast, while indigenous beliefs are still practised in some communities. Kenya’s art, music, and cuisine reflect this blend of tradition and modernity, offering a colourful cultural experience to both residents and visitors.
Politically, Kenya is a republic with a democratic government system, operating under a multi-party structure. Since gaining independence from Britain in 1963, the country has made significant strides in building its economy and infrastructure, although it has also faced challenges such as political tensions, corruption, and economic inequality. Agriculture remains the backbone of the economy, with tea, coffee, and horticultural exports contributing substantially, while tourism, technology, and financial services have grown rapidly in recent years. Nairobi has become a regional hub for innovation and international organisations, sometimes referred to as the “Silicon Savannah” for its thriving tech scene. Despite facing hurdles, Kenya continues to assert itself as a leader in East Africa, balancing its economic ambitions with the preservation of its cultural and natural heritage.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💰 Currency in Kenya
Official Currency: Kenyan Shilling (KES), commonly abbreviated as “KSh” or simply “Sh.”
Coins: 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 shillings.
Banknotes: 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 shillings are in regular circulation.
🔄 Currency Exchange
You can exchange money at:
Banks – secure and reliable.
Bureaux de Change – widely available in major cities and tourist areas.
Hotels – convenient but usually with less favourable rates.
ATMs are common in cities and large towns, often offering competitive exchange rates when withdrawing cash.
💳 Credit & Debit Cards
Widely accepted in: Hotels, restaurants, and larger shops in Nairobi, Mombasa and other urban centres.
Less common in: Small shops, local markets, and rural areas — here, cash is preferred.
Visa and Mastercard are the most commonly accepted cards. American Express is accepted in a few high-end establishments.
Tipping
💵 Tipping in Kenya
Tipping in Kenya is not compulsory, but it is generally appreciated and has become a common part of the service culture, especially in the tourism industry. As a visitor, it’s good to be aware of local practices so that you neither feel obliged to over-tip nor risk unintentionally offending anyone.
🍽️ Restaurants & Cafés
In restaurants, a tip of around 5–10% of the bill is customary if service is not already included. Some higher-end establishments may add a service charge to the bill, in which case an additional tip is not necessary unless you feel the service was exceptional. In smaller cafés and local eateries, rounding up the bill or leaving small change is perfectly acceptable.
🧳 Hotels & Lodges
Staff working in hotels, safari lodges, and camps rely heavily on tips. Porters usually receive around 100–200 KES per bag, while housekeeping staff might be given 200–500 KES per night. Many safari lodges provide a communal tip box, which is then shared among the staff – this is often the fairest way to ensure everyone benefits.
🚖 Taxis & Drivers
For short taxi rides, tipping is not expected, though rounding up the fare is appreciated. If you hire a driver for the day, it’s customary to give 500–1,000 KES per day, depending on the quality of service. Safari guides generally receive larger tips due to the level of care and expertise they provide – around 10–15 USD (or equivalent in KES) per day, per guest is common.
🎶 Other Services
For services such as spa treatments, hairdressing, or local guides on day trips, a tip of 10% or a few hundred shillings is polite. Street performers or informal helpers (such as people assisting with directions) do not usually expect tips, but a small token of appreciation is always welcome.
👉 Tip in Kenyan Shillings (KES) where possible, as it is more useful to staff than foreign currency. While tipping is appreciated, it should always be voluntary and based on the quality of service received.
Communications
📶 Communication Advice for Tourists in Kenya
Staying connected in Kenya is generally straightforward, but it helps to plan ahead so you can make the most of your trip while keeping costs under control.
🌐 Public WiFi
Public WiFi is available in airports, major shopping centres, some restaurants, and a few public spaces in larger cities like Nairobi and Mombasa. However, the quality can vary, and speeds may not always be reliable. As with anywhere in the world, it is best to avoid using public WiFi for sensitive activities such as online banking, unless you are connected via a secure VPN.
🏨 Hotel WiFi
Most mid-range and upscale hotels in Kenya provide WiFi for their guests, either complimentary or for a small fee. In major tourist areas, the connection is usually adequate for browsing, emails, and video calls, though speeds may fluctuate. In more remote safari lodges and camps, WiFi might only be available in communal areas and can be limited due to satellite connections. If a strong internet connection is important for your trip, it’s worth confirming with your accommodation in advance.
📱 Mobile Networks & SIM Cards
Kenya has good mobile coverage in towns and cities, with leading providers such as Safaricom, Airtel, and Telkom offering strong networks. Safaricom is the most widely used and has the best overall coverage, including in many rural and safari areas.
For tourists, purchasing a local SIM card is often the most cost-effective way to stay connected. SIM cards are easy to buy at airports, shopping centres, and mobile shops — you’ll need your passport for registration. Prepaid packages are affordable and usually include generous bundles of data, minutes, and texts. Mobile data is widely used, and 4G is common in urban areas, while remote regions may rely on 3G or weaker connections.
👉 Tip: If you plan on moving around a lot, Safaricom is generally the safest bet for reliable coverage across the country.
Getting Around
🚐 Getting Around in Kenya
Kenya offers a variety of ways for tourists to travel, ranging from budget-friendly public options to more comfortable private choices. The best method often depends on your time, budget, and the level of convenience you are seeking.
🚌 Public Transport
Public minibuses known as matatus are the most common way locals travel between towns and within cities. They are inexpensive but can be crowded and sometimes unpredictable in terms of safety standards. Larger buses also operate between major towns and cities, offering a more structured schedule. Tuk-tuks and motorbike taxis (boda-bodas) are widely used in towns for short distances, though travellers should exercise caution and agree the fare beforehand.
🚕 Taxis & Ride-Hailing
In Nairobi, Mombasa, and other large cities, taxis and ride-hailing services such as Uber, Bolt, and Little Cab are readily available. These are safer and more comfortable than hailing a taxi on the street, and prices are usually agreed upon upfront via the app. It is advisable to use trusted services, especially at night.
🚗 Car Hire & Private Drivers
Hiring a car is a good option if you want flexibility, particularly for safaris and visiting national parks. Roads in and around major towns are generally good, though rural roads can be rough and poorly signposted. Driving yourself is possible but can be challenging due to traffic, differing driving standards, and road conditions. Many tourists prefer to hire a car with a driver, which removes the stress of navigating and provides valuable local knowledge.
✈️ Domestic Flights
Given the size of the country and the distance between key destinations such as Nairobi, Mombasa, and safari parks like the Maasai Mara, flying can save a lot of time. Local airlines, including Kenya Airways, Safarilink, and Jambojet, operate regular flights between cities and popular tourist areas.
🚆 Trains
Kenya’s modern Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) connects Nairobi and Mombasa, offering a comfortable, scenic, and affordable way to travel between the capital and the coast. The train journey is popular with both tourists and locals, with first and economy class options available.
Health advice
🩺 Health Advice for Tourists in Kenya
Travelling to Kenya is generally safe and enjoyable, but it’s important to take sensible health precautions before and during your visit. Standards of healthcare vary depending on location, and preventative measures can help ensure a trouble-free trip.
💉 Vaccinations
It’s recommended that visitors are up to date with routine vaccinations such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, and polio. Additional vaccines often advised for travel to Kenya include:
Hepatitis A – due to possible exposure through food and water.
Typhoid – also spread via food and drink.
Hepatitis B – recommended if you might need medical treatment or have extended stays.
Rabies – advisable for those spending time in rural areas or working with animals.
Yellow Fever – proof of vaccination is required if arriving from or transiting through a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Always consult your GP or a travel health clinic at least six weeks before departure.
🦟 Diseases and Preventative Measures
Malaria is present in many parts of Kenya, particularly outside Nairobi and the highlands. Taking antimalarial medication is strongly advised, along with measures such as insect repellent, mosquito nets, and wearing long sleeves in the evenings. Dengue fever and chikungunya, also mosquito-borne, can occur in some regions.
Tap water is not safe to drink; stick to bottled or filtered water. Food should be freshly cooked and served hot to avoid stomach problems. Be cautious with salads, unpasteurised dairy, and food sold by street vendors.
🏥 Healthcare Standards
Healthcare in major cities such as Nairobi and Mombasa is generally good in private hospitals and clinics, though standards in public facilities and rural areas can be limited. Serious medical conditions may require evacuation to South Africa or Europe. Ensure you know where the nearest recommended clinic or hospital is located, especially if travelling outside urban centres.
🛡️ Travel Insurance
Comprehensive travel insurance is essential. It should cover:
Medical treatment and hospitalisation
Medical evacuation and repatriation
Theft and loss of belongings
Any adventure activities (e.g. safaris, hiking, diving)
Without insurance, medical treatment and emergency evacuation can be extremely expensive. Carry a copy of your policy and emergency contact numbers with you at all times.
Safety
🛡️ Safety Advice for Tourists in Kenya
Kenya is a welcoming and beautiful country to explore, but as with travel anywhere, it is sensible to take precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable visit. Tourists are advised to remain vigilant, especially in busy urban centres such as Nairobi and Mombasa. Petty crime such as pickpocketing, bag-snatching, and scams can occur in crowded areas, so keep valuables out of sight, avoid displaying expensive jewellery or electronics, and use a money belt or concealed pouch for passports and cash. At night, it is best to avoid walking alone and instead use reputable taxis or ride-hailing apps.
When travelling across the country, use reliable tour operators and avoid isolated or insecure areas without guidance. Road travel can be hazardous due to variable driving standards and conditions, so always wear seatbelts and allow extra time for journeys. On safari, follow the advice of your guide at all times and never leave the vehicle in game reserves except where permitted. For coastal visits, take care when swimming, as strong currents and tides can be dangerous.
Political demonstrations occasionally occur and can quickly turn unpredictable. Tourists should avoid large gatherings and monitor local news and hotel guidance. Be aware of health and safety risks such as drinking safe water, applying insect repellent, and using sunscreen to prevent sunburn. It is also recommended to keep copies of important documents and register your travel plans with your embassy if possible.
📞 Emergency Contacts in Kenya
Police: 999 or 112
Ambulance: 999 or 112
Fire Brigade: 999 or 112
These numbers can be dialled free of charge from both mobile phones and landlines.
Climate
🌍 Climate Overview
Kenya’s climate is diverse, shaped by altitude and geography. The coastal regions along the Indian Ocean are hot and humid year-round, while the central highlands, including Nairobi, enjoy milder temperatures with cool mornings and evenings. Northern and eastern parts of the country are generally hot and dry. Rainfall is seasonal, with the long rains typically falling from March to May and the short rains from October to December.
📅 Summary of Kenya’s Climate
| Region | Climate Type | Temperature Range | Rainy Seasons | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nairobi & Highlands | Mild, temperate | 10–26°C | Mar–May & Oct–Dec | Cool mornings & evenings |
| Coast (Mombasa) | Hot & humid | 22–32°C | Apr–Jun & Oct–Nov | Warm seas, high humidity |
| Rift Valley | Warm days, cool nights | 12–28°C | Mar–May & Oct–Dec | Varies with altitude |
| Northern Kenya | Hot & arid | 25–38°C | Sparse, unpredictable showers | Very dry, dusty conditions |
🎒 Packing Tips
Lightweight clothing: Breathable cotton or linen for hot areas.
Layers: Include jumpers or jackets for cool highland mornings and nights.
Waterproof gear: A light rain jacket or poncho is handy during the rainy seasons.
Sun protection: Sunglasses, wide-brimmed hat, and high-factor sunscreen are essential.
Footwear: Comfortable walking shoes for safaris and sandals for the coast.
Insect protection: Long-sleeved tops and mosquito repellent for evenings.
🌞 Best Time to Visit
The dry seasons from January to February and June to September are generally the best times to visit Kenya. Wildlife viewing is at its peak as animals gather around water sources, and roads are more accessible. The months of July to October are especially popular due to the Great Migration in the Maasai Mara, when millions of wildebeest and zebras move across the plains. The coast is pleasant year-round, though humidity is highest during the rainy months.
Visa requirements
🛂 Visa Requirements for Kenya
Most foreign visitors, including UK citizens, require a visa to enter Kenya. In 2021, Kenya replaced traditional visas with the Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA) system. Travellers must apply online before arriving, as visas are no longer issued on arrival at airports or border crossings.
💻 How to Apply for an eTA
The eTA application is completed online through the official Kenyan government portal. Applicants need to upload a passport-sized photo, a scanned copy of their passport (valid for at least six months), proof of accommodation booking or an invitation letter, and onward or return travel details. Processing typically takes around 3 business days, but it is advisable to apply at least a week before travel.
💵 Fees and Validity
The standard single-entry eTA costs approximately USD $30–50, payable online during the application process. The eTA is valid for 90 days from the date of issue and allows a stay of up to 30 days in Kenya, with the option to extend once for a further 60 days at the immigration office in Nairobi. Multiple-entry visas can also be applied for online if needed, particularly useful for travellers planning to combine Kenya with neighbouring countries.
🌍 East Africa Tourist Visa
Kenya also participates in the East Africa Tourist Visa, a multiple-entry visa valid for Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. This visa is particularly convenient for those planning regional travel, costing USD $100 and valid for 90 days. It must be obtained from the country of first entry.
✅ Important Notes
Always use the official Kenyan eTA website to avoid fraudulent third-party services.
Print a copy of your approved eTA to present on arrival, alongside your passport.
Ensure your passport has at least two blank pages for entry stamps.
Yellow fever vaccination certificates may be required if arriving from a risk country.
Electrical
The standard voltage is 240 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz.
Which power plugs and sockets are in Kenya?
In Kenya, the power plugs and sockets are of type G. Check out the following pictures.
Type G: this type is of British origin. This socket only works with plug G.
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| Type G: This socket has no alternative plugs |