Pergamon Archaeological Site in Turkey is a large and fascinating ancient city where visitors can explore well-preserved ruins such as a steep theatre on the hillside, the impressive remains of temples and altars, and the historic library, all of which show how important and advanced this place was in the Greek and Roman times.
Turkey: Istanbul – “The Gate to the East”
Contents
1. About Istanbul
2. Things to do
– Visit the Topkapi Palace
– Check out the Blue Mosque
– The amazing Hagia Sofia
– Explore the Basilica Cistern
– Get lost in the Grand Bazaar
– Wander through the Spice Market
– The Tomb of Mahmut II
– Visit the coloured houses of Belat
– Climb the Galata Tower
– Go and see a Whirling Dervish show
– Relax at a hammam
– Take a cruise on the Bosphorus River
3. Getting around
4. Vegan dining options
5. Best time to visit
6. Where to stay
About Istanbul
Istanbul, the vibrant metropolis that bridges Europe and Asia, is a city rich in history, culture, and architectural splendor. Founded as Byzantium in the 7th century BCE and later renamed Constantinople, it served as the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires. This layered history is reflected in its stunning landmarks, such as the Hagia Sophia, which was once a church, then a mosque, and now a museum. The Blue Mosque, with its iconic six minarets and intricate Iznik tiles, stands as a symbol of Ottoman grandeur. Istanbul’s strategic location on the Bosphorus Strait has made it a crucial center for trade and cultural exchange for centuries, giving it a unique blend of Eastern and Western influences.
The city’s vibrant culture is not only reflected in its architecture but also in its bustling streets and lively markets. The Grand Bazaar, one of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world, is a labyrinth of over 4,000 shops selling everything from spices and textiles to jewelry and ceramics. Nearby, the Egyptian Bazaar (Spice Market) offers a sensory overload of colors and scents with its stalls of exotic spices, dried fruits, and Turkish delights. Istanbul’s food scene is equally captivating, with street vendors serving simit (sesame bread rings), döner kebabs, and fresh seafood along the waterfront. The city’s numerous teahouses and coffee shops provide the perfect spot to relax and people-watch while enjoying traditional Turkish tea or coffee.
Istanbul’s charm extends beyond its historic sites and markets to its vibrant neighborhoods. The modern district of Beyoğlu is known for its lively nightlife, art galleries, and trendy cafés, while the historic Sultanahmet area offers a quieter, more contemplative atmosphere. A ferry ride across the Bosphorus to the Asian side reveals the charming districts of Kadıköy and Üsküdar, where narrow streets are lined with traditional Ottoman houses and local markets. Sunset views from Galata Tower or a leisurely stroll along the Bosphorus promenade capture the romantic essence of Istanbul. This city, where ancient meets modern, tradition meets innovation, and East meets West, continues to enchant and inspire visitors from around the world.
Things to do
Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace, located in the heart of Istanbul overlooking the Bosphorus, is a magnificent symbol of the Ottoman Empire’s power and grandeur. Built in the 15th century by Sultan Mehmed II after the conquest of Constantinople, it served as the administrative center and royal residence of Ottoman sultans for nearly 400 years. The palace complex covers approximately 700,000 square meters and features a series of courtyards, lush gardens, and opulent pavilions. Its highlights include the Imperial Harem, where the sultan’s family resided, the Treasury, which houses the famous Spoonmaker’s Diamond and the Topkapi Dagger, and the Sacred Relics Chamber, which holds religious artifacts, including Prophet Muhammad’s cloak and sword. The palace’s intricate tilework, gilded ceilings, and breathtaking views of the Bosphorus reflect the artistic and architectural mastery of the Ottoman era.
Check out the Blue Mosque
Visiting the Blue Mosque in Istanbul is a breathtaking experience that immerses you in the heart of Ottoman architectural splendor. As you step through the grand courtyard, the sight of the mosque’s six slender minarets and cascading domes against the Istanbul skyline is mesmerizing. Inside, the atmosphere is serene, with soft light filtering through stained glass windows and reflecting off the intricate blue Iznik tiles that give the mosque its name. The vast prayer hall, with its towering columns and delicate calligraphy, creates a sense of peaceful grandeur. The sound of the call to prayer echoing through the mosque adds to the spiritual ambiance, connecting you to centuries of history and devotion. Sitting quietly on the carpet, you can feel the weight of history and the enduring significance of this sacred place.
Hagia Sofia
Hagia Sophia, located in Istanbul, Turkey, is an architectural masterpiece that has stood as a symbol of cultural and religious transformation for over 1,500 years. Originally built in 537 AD during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, it served as the world’s largest cathedral and the heart of Eastern Orthodox Christianity for nearly a millennium. Following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, it was converted into a mosque, blending Islamic elements with its original Christian features. In 1935, it was secularized and turned into a museum, reflecting Turkey’s modernizing reforms. Most recently, in 2020, it was reconverted into a mosque.
Our visit to Hagia Sophia was truly unforgettable. As we stepped inside, we were immediately struck by the grandeur of its massive dome and the way light filtered through the windows, casting a golden glow over the ancient mosaics and calligraphy. Walking through the vast interior, we could feel the layers of history. The mix of Christian and Islamic artistry was breathtaking, and it was humbling to stand in a place that has witnessed centuries of change.
Explore the Basilica Cistern
Visiting the Basilica Cistern in Istanbul is like stepping into a hidden, underground world steeped in mystery and history. Built in the 6th century during the reign of Emperor Justinian I, this massive subterranean structure once stored water for the Great Palace of Constantinople. As you descend the stone steps into the cool, dimly lit chamber, you’re greeted by the sight of hundreds of marble columns rising from still, shallow waters, their reflections casting an eerie glow. The soft sound of dripping water and the atmospheric lighting enhance the surreal ambiance. Among the cistern’s most famous features are the two Medusa head column bases, whose origins and purpose still puzzle historians. It’s a hauntingly beautiful reminder of Istanbul’s layered past, blending Roman engineering with Byzantine intrigue.
Get lost in the Grand Bazaar
Exploring the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is like stepping into a vibrant tapestry of history, culture, and color. One of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world, it buzzes with energy as locals and tourists weave through its labyrinth of over 4,000 shops. The air is rich with the scent of spices, leather, and freshly brewed Turkish tea, while the sounds of bargaining echo under its domed ceilings. Handwoven carpets, glittering lanterns, antique jewelry, and intricate ceramics tempt from every corner, offering a sensory experience that’s both overwhelming and unforgettable. It’s not just a place to shop—it’s a glimpse into centuries of tradition and a beating heart of Istanbul’s commercial spirit.
Wander through the Spice Market
The Spice Market in Istanbul, also known as the Egyptian Bazaar (Mısır Çarşısı), is a vibrant sensory experience nestled in the heart of the city’s historic Eminönü district. Dating back to the 17th century, this bustling marketplace is infused with the rich aromas of exotic spices, herbs, dried fruits, teas, and sweets that fill its vaulted halls. Ornately decorated with arched ceilings and colorful displays, the market is a treasure trove of Turkish delight, saffron, sumac, and countless other culinary wonders. Locals and tourists alike wander through the labyrinth of stalls, engaging in friendly haggling while soaking in the market’s warm, chaotic charm—a true reflection of Istanbul’s unique blend of cultures and traditions.
The Tomb of Mahmut II
The Tomb of Mahmud II, located in the Çemberlitaş district of Istanbul, is a striking example of late Ottoman architecture and a significant historical monument. Built in 1840 after the Sultan’s death, the mausoleum houses the remains of Sultan Mahmud II, a reformist ruler known for modernizing the Ottoman military and initiating key administrative changes. Designed by the renowned architect Garabet Balyan, the structure features neoclassical elements blended with traditional Ottoman design, including elegant columns, intricate stonework, and a richly decorated dome. The tomb complex also includes the graves of later sultans Abdulaziz and Abdulhamid II, making it an important dynastic burial site. Surrounded by a peaceful courtyard and mature cypress trees, the tomb stands as a solemn and majestic reminder of the empire’s 19th-century transformation.
Visit the coloured houses of Belat
The Colored House of Belat, nestled in the historic Balat district of Istanbul, is a vibrant symbol of the area’s eclectic charm and cultural richness. Painted in bold hues of red, blue, yellow, and green, the house stands out among the narrow, winding streets lined with Ottoman-era architecture. Often featured in travel photos and postcards, it reflects the neighborhood’s diverse heritage—once home to Jewish, Greek, and Armenian communities. The house has become an iconic backdrop for visitors and locals alike, capturing the artistic spirit and layered history that define Balat, one of Istanbul’s most photogenic quarters.
Climb the Galata Tower
Rising above Istanbul’s skyline, this medieval stone tower invites visitors to ascend its winding staircase or take the elevator to the top, where sweeping views of the Bosphorus, the Golden Horn, and the historic peninsula unfold. Originally built in 1348 by the Genoese, the tower once served as a watchtower and later as a fire lookout post. Today, it’s a favorite spot for travelers seeking to soak in the city’s charm from above, especially at sunset when the sky glows over the minarets and rooftops.
Go and see a Whirling Dervish show
Attending a Whirling Dervish show in Istanbul is a mesmerizing experience that offers a deep glimpse into Turkey’s spiritual and cultural heritage. Set in an atmospheric venue—often a historic hammam, theater, or former lodge—the performance unfolds with haunting Sufi music, rhythmic chanting, and the iconic, slow, trance-like spinning of the dervishes in white robes and tall felt hats. The ceremony, known as the Sema, symbolizes a spiritual journey of ascending through the mind and love to reach divine unity.
Relax at a hammam
Relaxing at a hammam in Istanbul is an experience that blends centuries-old tradition with deep, soothing tranquility. As warm steam fills the air, you sink into a serene state, surrounded by intricate marble architecture and soft, golden light filtering through domed ceilings. The gentle rhythm of water echoes through the chambers as you’re bathed and scrubbed in a time-honored ritual that leaves your skin tingling and spirit refreshed. The scent of olive oil soap and the warmth of the heated marble beneath you lull your mind into stillness. It’s more than self-care—it’s a cultural immersion, a moment of stillness in the heart of one of the world’s most vibrant cities.
Take a boat ride on the Bosphorus River
Taking a boat ride on the Bosphorus River in Istanbul is a magical experience that blends history, culture, and breathtaking scenery. As you glide along the waterway that separates Europe and Asia, you’ll pass grand Ottoman palaces, ancient fortresses, and charming waterfront neighborhoods. The skyline is dotted with minarets and domes, and the gentle breeze carries the sounds of city life mixed with seagulls overhead. Whether you’re on a public ferry or a private cruise, watching the sunset over the Bosphorus is a moment that captures the soul of Istanbul
Getting around Istanbul
Getting around Istanbul is relatively easy and affordable, thanks to its well-developed public transportation network and variety of transport options. Here’s a guide for tourists:
🚇 Public Transportation
1. Metro
- Covers major areas of Istanbul, including connections to the airport and business districts.
- Operates from 6:00 AM to midnight.
- Purchase an Istanbulkart (rechargeable smart card) for convenience and discounts.
2. Tram
- The T1 line (Kabataş to Bağcılar) is the most useful for tourists, covering key historic sites like Sultanahmet, Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and Grand Bazaar.
- Trams run frequently and are fast and reliable.
3. Bus
- Buses cover areas not reached by metro or tram.
- Can get crowded during peak hours.
- Use the Istanbulkart for payment.
4. Ferries
- Istanbul’s ferries provide scenic and practical transport between the European and Asian sides of the city.
- Key routes: Eminönü to Kadıköy and Üsküdar.
🚖 Taxis and Ride-Sharing
1. Taxis
- Yellow taxis are widely available, but ensure the driver uses the meter.
- Use ride-hailing apps like BiTaksi or Uber to avoid overcharging.
2. Uber
- Uber operates in Istanbul and offers both regular and premium options.
🚶 Walking
- Many historic areas (like Sultanahmet and the Grand Bazaar) are pedestrian-friendly.
- Be prepared for steep hills and uneven cobblestones.
🚈 Funicular and Cable Cars
- The Tünel funicular connects Karaköy and Beyoğlu (operating since 1875).
- The TF1 Cable Car takes you to the panoramic viewpoint of Pierre Loti Hill.
Eating out for vegans in Istanbul
While Istanbul might not be the most vegan-friendly city in the world, there are still plenty of high-quality options to choose from.
Vegan Community Kitchen
Located in the heart of the colourful neighbourhood of Balat, this tiny little hole in the wall is run by a delightful woman who uses family recipes to make mouthwatering Turkish vegan dishes.
– Address: Ayvansaray, Lavanta Sk. No:14
Mama Bowl Kitchen
Mama Bowl Kitchen in Istanbul’s Kadıköy district offers a fusion of Turkish and European flavours in healthy, homemade bowls, emphasising fresh, high-quality ingredients and catering to vegan and vegetarian preferences
– Address: Caferağa, Keresteci Aziz Sk.
Vegan Bakkal Moda
Vegan Bakkal Moda is a specialty store located in the heart of Istanbul’s Kadıköy district, offering a wide range of vegan products, including plant-based cheeses, meats, and dairy alternatives. Beyond food items, the shop also provides vegan cosmetics, supplements, and eco-friendly household products, making it a one-stop destination for those seeking cruelty-free and sustainable options. Visitors have praised the store for its extensive selection and the convenience of finding diverse vegan products in one place.
– Address:Caferağa Mh, Bademaltı Sk. No:38/C
Wegain
Wegain is a cherished vegetarian and vegan Turkish restaurant nestled in Istanbul’s vibrant Cihangir neighbourhood. Owned and operated by a family trio—two sisters and a daughter/niece—the establishment offers a warm, homely atmosphere that reflects their dedication to plant-based cuisine. The menu boasts a variety of classic Turkish dishes, including stuffed peppers, vine leaves, fava, and lentil meatballs, all crafted with fresh, wholesome ingredients. Patrons frequently praise the restaurant’s offerings; one reviewer noted the “excellent food, very reasonable prices, and wonderful family running it,” highlighting their attentiveness to guests’ preferences. Beyond its delectable cuisine, Wegain is also renowned for its vegan desserts, such as vegan baklava, which have garnered acclaim from visitors. Situated on Boğazkesen Street, Wegain not only provides delightful meals but also offers a glimpse into Istanbul’s rich cultural tapestry, making it a must-visit for those seeking authentic Turkish vegan dining experiences.
– Address:Firuzağa, Boğazkesen Cd. 74/A
Vegan Dükkan Lokanta
Vegan Dükkan Lokanta is a cozy, all-vegan eatery in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, offering a variety of plant-based dishes like spaghetti with vegan meatballs, tofu katsu curry, and smoked eggplant. Established 18 years ago, it promotes a cruelty-free and healthy lifestyle. The restaurant provides dine-in, takeaway, and pickup options, and also runs a vegan shop selling products to support a vegan lifestyle. It’s open daily from 10 AM to 9 PM.
– Address: Sıraselviler Cad. Cihangir Mah. Soğancı Sok. No:8 34433, Beyoğlu
Vegan Istanbul
Vegan Istanbul is a family-owned vegan café located in the vibrant Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, specifically at Firuzağa, Türkgücü Cd. No:51. Renowned for its generous portions and affordable prices, the café offers a variety of freshly prepared vegan dishes that cater to both local and international palates. Patrons can enjoy a buffet-style selection, allowing them to choose from multiple options, typically priced around 50 TL. The establishment is also praised for its vegan baklava, a delightful twist on the traditional Turkish dessert. The warm and friendly atmosphere, coupled with the owners’ dedication to quality, makes Vegan Istanbul a must-visit spot for those seeking delicious plant-based cuisine in the city.
– Address:Firuzağa, Türkgücü Cd. No:51A, 34425 Beyoğlu/İstanbul, Türkiye
Vegan Masa
Vegan Masa is a renowned vegan restaurant in Istanbul, Turkey, offering authentic Turkish cuisine with a plant-based twist. Located in Beşiktaş, with another branch in Kadıköy, the restaurant serves a variety of traditional dishes such as lahmacun and pide made with vegan meat and cheese, as well as local desserts like kadayıf.
– Address:Türkali, Mısırlı Bahçe Sk. No: 8/A, 34357 Beşiktaş/İstanbul, Türkiye
The best time to visit Istanbul
Istanbul has a moderate climate with four distinct seasons:
🌸 Spring (March to May):
- Temperature: 8°C to 20°C (46°F to 68°F)
- Mild and pleasant, with blooming flowers and longer daylight hours.
- Light layers and a jacket are recommended, as evenings can be cool.
☀️ Summer (June to August):
- Temperature: 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F)
- Hot and humid, especially in July and August.
- Lightweight, breathable clothing and sun protection are essential.
🍁 Autumn (September to November):
- Temperature: 12°C to 25°C (54°F to 77°F)
- Mild and comfortable with fewer crowds.
- Light layers are ideal as temperatures can drop in the evening.
❄️ Winter (December to February):
- Temperature: 3°C to 12°C (37°F to 54°F)
- Cool and rainy, with occasional snow.
- A warm coat, scarf, and umbrella are necessary.
Where to stay in Istanbul
Istanbul is a sprawling, vibrant city with neighborhoods that each offer a unique flavor. The best area to stay really depends on your interests and travel style. Here are some top picks, broken down by vibe:
🕌 Historic & Cultural: Sultanahmet
Best for: First-time visitors, history buffs
Why: Home to the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, and the Grand Bazaar—all walkable.
Vibe: Quiet at night, very tourist-focused.
Drawbacks: Can feel too touristy and a bit dead in the evenings.
🌊 Scenic & Local: Karaköy / Galata
Best for: A mix of old and new Istanbul
Why: Great food, close to the Galata Tower, near the Bosphorus, and just across the bridge from Sultanahmet.
Vibe: Trendy, artsy, walkable.
Drawbacks: Hilly streets can be tough if you’re not a fan of walking.
🛍️ Trendy & Lively: Beyoğlu / Istiklal Street / Cihangir
Best for: Nightlife, cafes, shopping, local experience
Why: Bustling pedestrian streets, rooftop bars, art galleries, very lively.
Vibe: Urban, bohemian, young.
Drawbacks: Can be noisy and crowded, especially near Istiklal Street.
🌳 Chic & Upscale: Nişantaşı
Best for: Shopping, luxury travelers
Why: Think high-end boutiques, stylish cafés, and tree-lined streets.
Vibe: Elegant, refined, modern.
Drawbacks: Not many tourist sites nearby—requires transit to Old Town.
🛥️ Waterside & Relaxed: Kadıköy (Asian Side)
Best for: A more local, less touristy feel
Why: Great food scene, laid-back vibe, ferry rides across the Bosphorus.
Vibe: Hip, artsy, authentic.
Drawbacks: Longer commute to historic sights (but ferry rides are scenic!).
1. Mid Range: Menar Hotel & Suites
Menar Hotel & Suites is a boutique hotel located in Istanbul’s historic Sultanahmet district, within walking distance of landmarks such as the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace. The hotel offers eight distinct room types, each decorated in warm Turkish-style decor and equipped with modern amenities like flat-screen TVs, air conditioning, and laptop-sized safes. Some rooms feature private hammams, terraces, gardens, or fully equipped kitchens. Guests can enjoy a rich breakfast at the Menar Lounge, which offers views of the Marmara Sea, and take advantage of services like free Wi-Fi, complimentary snacks, concierge assistance, car hire, ticket service, and airport pickup. The hotel has received positive reviews for its cleanliness, comfort, and exceptional service, with guests praising the friendly and helpful staff, as well as the hotel’s central location, which offers easy access to Istanbul’s attractions.
2. Luxury – Azzap Hotel Galata
Azzap Hotel Galata is a boutique hotel situated in the heart of Istanbul’s historic center, offering guests a unique blend of traditional charm and modern comfort. The hotel is housed in a lovingly restored 1900s building, featuring original architecture complemented by contemporary design elements.
The hotel’s prime location places guests within walking distance of iconic landmarks such as the Galata Tower and the Bosphorus, making it an ideal base for exploring the city’s rich cultural heritage.
Guests can enjoy a variety of dining options at the hotel’s rooftop restaurant and bar, which offers panoramic views of the Golden Horn and the Old City. The restaurant serves both traditional and international cuisine, providing a delightful culinary experience amidst stunning city vistas.
3. Budget – Crowned Plus Hotel
The Crowned Plus Hotel is a 2-star establishment situated in the heart of Istanbul, offering guests convenient access to the city’s rich historical and cultural sites. Located within a short walk from iconic landmarks such as the Hagia Sophia and Topkapi Palace, the hotel provides an ideal base for travelers eager to explore the city’s heritage. Guests can start their day with a complimentary buffet breakfast served daily from 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM. The hotel also offers amenities like complimentary Wi-Fi throughout the property and a 24-hour front desk to assist with any needs. For those interested in exploring beyond the immediate vicinity, the hotel provides tour and excursion programs both within and outside of Istanbul. Additionally, a two-way transfer service is available from both Istanbul and Sabiha Gokcen Airports, ensuring a seamless travel experience for guests. The Crowned Plus Hotel combines comfort, convenience, and accessibility, making it a suitable choice for visitors looking to immerse themselves in the vibrant culture and history of Istanbul.
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