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Capital City: Madrid
Government System: Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
Surface Area: 505,990 km²
Population: Approximately 48 million (2025 est.)
Languages Spoken: Spanish (Castilian) official; regional languages include Catalan, Galician, and Basque
Major Religions: Predominantly Roman Catholic, with small communities of Protestant, Muslim, Jewish, and secular/non-religious groups
Regions
| Andalusia | Aragon | Asturias | Balearic Islands | Basque Country | Canary Islands |
| Cantabria | Castile & León | Castile-La Mancha | Catalonia | Ceuta | Extremadura |
| Galicia | La Rioja | Madrid | Melilla | Murcia | Navarre |
| Valencia |
Country Overview
Spain is a diverse and historic country located on the Iberian Peninsula in south-western Europe. It shares borders with Portugal, France, Andorra and Gibraltar, and is separated from Morocco by the Strait of Gibraltar. Known for its remarkable blend of ancient history and modern life, Spain offers everything from Roman ruins and Moorish palaces to lively cities and pristine beaches. Visitors are often drawn by the cultural richness, the distinctive regional identities, and the vibrant festivals that take place throughout the year.
The country is made up of 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities, each with its own distinct traditions, cuisine, and in some cases language. Madrid, the capital, is a hub of political, cultural and artistic life, while Barcelona is famed for its architecture and coastal lifestyle. Beyond the cities, the countryside offers contrasting landscapes – from the green hills of Galicia in the north-west to the arid plains of Castilla-La Mancha and the sun-drenched coastlines of Andalusia and the Mediterranean.
Spain’s modern infrastructure, strong tourist sector, and integration within the European Union make it one of the most visited countries in the world. It balances tradition with modernity, preserving its heritage while embracing contemporary culture and business. The Spanish lifestyle often emphasises community, food, and leisure, with late-night dining, strong family ties, and a relaxed pace in many areas, especially in smaller towns and coastal resorts.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💶 Currency Overview
The official currency of Spain is the Euro (€), which is also used by most other European Union countries. As a member of the Eurozone, Spain benefits from the convenience of a single currency shared across borders. Travellers from other EU nations using the Euro will not need to exchange money, while visitors from non-Euro countries should ensure they are familiar with the exchange rates to avoid surprises.
💵 Denominations
Euro notes are issued in denominations of €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200, and €500, though the larger €200 and €500 notes are rarely seen and sometimes not accepted in smaller shops. Coins are available in values of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents, along with €1 and €2 coins. Most shops and restaurants are accustomed to both cash and card payments, but it is still wise to carry some coins and smaller notes for public transport, local markets, and smaller establishments.
💱 Currency Exchange
Currency exchange services are widely available in airports, city centres, and larger tourist areas. Banks usually offer fair exchange rates but may charge commission. Exchange bureaus are common but should be used carefully, as rates can vary significantly. It is usually better to withdraw money directly from an ATM using a debit or credit card, as this often provides the most competitive rates.
🏧 Credit Cards and ATMs
Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted across Spain, particularly in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops. American Express is less commonly accepted. ATMs are abundant and accessible throughout cities and towns, operating in multiple languages. They typically accept international bank cards, though transaction fees may apply depending on your bank. Always be cautious of hidden charges and confirm whether your home bank has partnerships with Spanish banks that may reduce costs.
Tipping
🍽️ Tipping in Restaurants
Tipping in Spain is more modest than in some other countries. It is not compulsory, but rounding up the bill or leaving a small amount – usually 5–10% in a restaurant – is customary for good service. In cafés or casual dining, leaving coins or simply rounding up the bill is perfectly acceptable.
🏨 Tipping in Hotels
In hotels, tipping is appreciated but not strictly expected. Porters may receive €1–2 per bag, while housekeeping can be left a few euros for their service, especially after a longer stay. In more luxurious hotels, it is common to leave slightly larger tips.
🚕 Tipping for Taxis
Taxi drivers generally do not expect tips, though rounding up to the nearest euro or leaving an extra €1–2 is common courtesy, particularly for longer journeys or when the driver assists with luggage.
🚌 Tipping Guides and Drivers
For guided tours, it is customary to tip the guide €5–10 depending on the quality and length of the service. Drivers on day tours or longer excursions may be given €2–5. Tips are often pooled if there are multiple guides or drivers involved.
Communications
📶 Public WiFi
Public WiFi is widely available in Spanish cities, especially in cafés, train stations, and airports. However, the quality and security can vary greatly. Tourists should exercise caution when using public WiFi, avoiding online banking or sensitive transactions without a secure VPN.
🏨 Hotel WiFi
Most hotels provide WiFi, often included in the room rate. In higher-end hotels, the connection is usually fast and reliable. Smaller guesthouses and rural accommodations may offer slower service, and in some cases, WiFi may only be available in common areas rather than individual rooms.
📱 Mobile Networks and SIM Cards
Spain has excellent mobile coverage through providers such as Movistar, Vodafone, Orange, and MásMóvil. Visitors staying longer than a few days may find it cost-effective to purchase a prepaid SIM card, available in airports, phone shops, and many convenience stores. SIM cards can provide both calls and generous data packages, making them a practical option for tourists.
Getting Around
🚆 Trains
Spain’s national rail network, Renfe, provides an extensive system of regional, intercity, and high-speed trains (AVE). The AVE trains are particularly useful for covering long distances quickly, such as Madrid to Barcelona in under three hours. Advance booking is recommended for high-speed journeys.
🚌 Buses
Buses are a reliable and affordable way to travel both within cities and across regions. Companies such as ALSA connect most towns and cities with modern and comfortable coaches. For local travel, city buses are frequent and inexpensive.
🚇 Metros and Trams
Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and Seville all have metro or tram systems. These are efficient, clean, and ideal for getting around urban areas. Single tickets, multi-ride passes, and tourist travel cards are widely available.
🚖 Taxis
Taxis are plentiful in Spanish cities and towns, usually metered and regulated. It is advisable to use official taxi ranks or book through licensed apps. Fares are relatively affordable compared to many other European countries.
🚗 Car Hire
Car hire is widely available in airports and major cities, offering flexibility for those wishing to explore rural areas or coastal regions. Driving is on the right-hand side, and international driving permits may be required for non-EU visitors. Parking in city centres can be difficult and expensive, so car hire is best suited for countryside travel.
✈️ Domestic Flights
Spain’s size and geography mean domestic flights are often used to connect the mainland with the Balearic and Canary Islands. Airlines such as Iberia, Vueling, and Ryanair operate frequent flights at competitive prices.
Health advice
💉 Health Advice
Spain generally poses few health risks for travellers. Tap water is safe to drink in most areas, though bottled water is preferred in some rural regions. Sun exposure is a major concern, especially in summer, so sunscreen and hydration are essential. Mosquitoes are present in warmer months but rarely carry disease.
| Suggested Vaccine | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis A | Food & water safety |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & sexual transmission |
| Rabies | Rural travel, animal exposure |
| Tetanus/Diphtheria | Routine protection |
| Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) | Standard coverage |
🦠 Potential Health Issues
Heat-related illness such as dehydration or heatstroke is the most common concern during summer. Food hygiene is generally excellent, but as with anywhere, caution should be taken with undercooked meats and seafood. Allergies to pollen can be a problem in spring.
🏥 Healthcare Standards
Spain has a high standard of healthcare, with both public and private hospitals across the country. EU visitors can access the public system with an EHIC or GHIC card, while non-EU travellers should rely on travel insurance to cover potential costs. Pharmacies are widespread and well stocked.
🛡️ Insurance
Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly advised. Policies should cover medical emergencies, repatriation, theft, and cancellations. Travellers engaging in activities such as hiking, skiing, or water sports should ensure their policy includes these.
Safety
🛑 Crime
Spain is generally safe, but petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching can be common in tourist areas, particularly in Barcelona and Madrid. Visitors should remain alert in crowded areas and on public transport.
⚠️ General Safety Issues
Spain’s roads are modern and well maintained, but rural driving can involve winding roads and fast local drivers. Beaches are generally safe, but always heed flag warnings for swimming. Alcohol consumption is common, and tourists should remain sensible when enjoying nightlife.
📜 Local Laws
Drug possession is illegal, and penalties are strict. Smoking bans apply in enclosed public spaces. Drinking alcohol in public areas outside designated zones can lead to fines. Always carry identification, as police may request it.
| Emergency Service | Number |
|---|---|
| General Emergency | 112 |
| Police | 091 |
| Ambulance | 061 |
| Fire Brigade | 080 |
Climate
🌸 Spring
Spring (March–May) is mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 12–20°C. It is an excellent time for city sightseeing and hiking before the summer heat arrives.
☀️ Summer
Summer (June–August) brings high temperatures, often exceeding 35°C in inland areas such as Madrid and Seville. Coastal regions are cooler and popular for beach holidays. Crowds are at their peak.
🍂 Autumn
Autumn (September–November) is comfortable and less crowded, with temperatures between 15–25°C. It is a great time for exploring wine regions and cultural events.
❄️ Winter
Winter (December–February) varies by region. Coastal areas remain mild, while the north and central regions can be cold. Skiing in the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada is popular during this time.
🎒 Packing Tips
Light clothing for summer, layered outfits for spring and autumn, and warmer clothes for winter are recommended. Comfortable shoes are essential for city exploration, and sun protection is important year-round.
📅 Best Time to Visit
The best times are spring and autumn when the weather is comfortable and crowds are smaller. Summer is ideal for beach holidays but can be hot inland, while winter attracts those interested in skiing or festive events.
| Season | Average Temp | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Spring | 12–20°C | City breaks, hiking |
| Summer | 25–35°C | Beaches, festivals |
| Autumn | 15–25°C | Wine tours, cultural trips |
| Winter | 5–15°C | Skiing, Christmas markets |
Visa information
🛂 Visa Types
Spain is part of the Schengen Zone. Visitors from other Schengen countries do not need a visa. Nationals from many non-EU countries, including the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and Japan, can stay up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa. Longer stays or work and study trips require appropriate visas.
🌍 Useful Links
Electrical
Which power plugs and sockets are used in Europe?
In Europe, the power plugs and sockets are of type F. The standard voltage is 230 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz. Check out the following pictures.
Type F: also known as “Schuko”. This socket also works with plug C and plug E.
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| Type F: This socket also works with plug C and E |