Bergen, the second-largest city in Norway, is a picturesque coastal destination nestled between seven mountains and fjords, offering a perfect blend of natural beauty and urban charm. Known as the "Gateway to the Fjords," Bergen is a UNESCO World Heritage city celebrated for its historic Bryggen Wharf, a vibrant area lined with colorful wooden buildings that date back to the Hanseatic League. The city is also a cultural hub, boasting world-class museums, art galleries, and a thriving music scene, all set against a backdrop of stunning landscapes. Visitors can explore Bergen’s rich maritime heritage, hike scenic trails, or take fjord cruises to experience the dramatic scenery that surrounds this enchanting Nordic city.
Norway: Bergen – Bryggen Wharf
Bryggen Wharf, located in Bergen, Norway, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a vibrant symbol of the city’s rich maritime history. Dating back to the 14th century, this iconic row of colorful, timber-clad buildings once served as a hub for the Hanseatic League, facilitating trade across Northern Europe. Today, Bryggen is a charming blend of history and modernity, housing museums, artisan shops, and cafes, while preserving its medieval character through meticulous restoration efforts. Strolling through its narrow alleyways offers a glimpse into the past, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and travellers alike.
We had the chance during our stay in Bergen to visit Bryggen Wharf a couple of times, wandering among the narrow alleyways to explore some of the shops and museums.
The History of Bryggen, Bergen
Bryggen, located in Bergen, Norway, is a historic waterfront district that serves as a vivid reminder of the city’s role in trade during the Middle Ages. Renowned for its colorful wooden buildings, Bryggen is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest and best-preserved Hanseatic trading centers in the world. Its history reflects the cultural and economic exchange that shaped Bergen’s development.
Origins and Early Development
Bergen was founded in 1070 by King Olaf III Haraldsson (Olaf Kyrre), quickly establishing itself as a vital trade hub due to its strategic location on the west coast of Norway. By the 12th century, Bergen had become Norway’s largest city and an important center for commerce, especially in fish and other marine products.
The original settlement in Bryggen was built close to the harbor to support maritime activities. The waterfront area became the heart of Bergen’s commercial life, housing merchants, warehouses, and trading posts.
The Hanseatic Era
Bryggen gained international prominence in the 14th century when it became one of the four major trading hubs of the Hanseatic League, a powerful commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds in northern Europe. German merchants, who played a significant role in the league, established a Hanseatic Kontor (trading office) in Bergen.
During this period:
- Bryggen primarily handled the export of dried cod (stockfish) from northern Norway to Europe.
- Imported goods such as grain, beer, textiles, and luxury items arrived from the Hanseatic League’s other cities.
- The Hanseatic merchants, living in segregated quarters at Bryggen, adhered to their own rules and customs, creating a distinct cultural environment within the city.
The architecture of Bryggen during this time featured rows of narrow, wooden warehouses and offices built in the medieval Scandinavian style. These buildings, while functional, were highly vulnerable to fires.
Destruction and Reconstruction
Bryggen has been ravaged by fires multiple times throughout its history, with significant blazes recorded in 1702 and 1955. Each time, the district was meticulously rebuilt following the traditional patterns and methods, preserving its medieval urban layout.
The post-1702 reconstruction reflects the influence of Hanseatic design, with buildings featuring narrow frontages, gabled roofs, and interconnected wooden structures. Despite modernization elsewhere in Bergen, Bryggen retained its historic character, largely due to the efforts of preservationists.
Decline of Hanseatic Influence
By the 18th century, the Hanseatic League’s power waned, and Norwegian merchants gradually took over the trade at Bryggen. Bergen’s role as a leading trade hub declined as other cities, such as Oslo and Copenhagen, grew in importance. Bryggen, however, remained a bustling area, transitioning to serve local commerce and fishing.
Modern Significance and Preservation
In 1979, Bryggen was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recognition of its historical significance and well-preserved medieval architecture. Today, the area is a mix of historical preservation and modern activity, housing:
- Museums that explore Bryggen’s Hanseatic heritage.
- Shops, restaurants, and artists’ workshops.
Bryggen stands as a symbol of Bergen’s rich maritime history and its connection to the Hanseatic trade network, drawing visitors from around the world to explore its storied past.
Planning your visit Bryggen Wharf
1. Best Time to Visit
- Summer (May to September): Ideal for pleasant weather and long daylight hours. This is also when guided tours are most available, and museums have extended hours.
- Winter (December to February): A quieter time to visit, offering a magical atmosphere with snow-covered rooftops.
2. How to Get There
- By Air: Fly into Bergen Airport (Flesland), then take the light rail or a taxi to the city center.
- By Train: Travel from Oslo to Bergen via the scenic Bergen Line.
- By Cruise: Many cruises stop at Bergen, allowing easy access to Bryggen.
- By Foot: If you’re staying in Bergen, Bryggen is easily walkable from most central locations.
3. Must-See Attractions
- Hanseatic Museum and Schøtstuene: Explore the lives of the Hanseatic merchants who once lived and worked in Bryggen.
- Bryggens Museum: Learn about Bryggen’s history, with archaeological finds from the Middle Ages.
- St. Mary’s Church (Mariakirken): A stunning medieval church located just behind the wharf.
- Shopping and Galleries: Browse unique boutiques selling Norwegian crafts, art, and souvenirs.
4. Experiences Not to Miss
- Guided Tours: Join a walking tour to uncover the stories behind the wooden facades and hidden alleyways.
- Photography: Capture the colorful, slanted wooden buildings reflected in the harbor.
- Cafés and Dining: Sample Norwegian delicacies like fresh seafood at local restaurants or enjoy a coffee in a cozy café.
5. Tips for Visiting
- Wear Comfortable Shoes: The cobbled streets can be uneven.
- Book in Advance: During peak season, book guided tours and museum tickets ahead of time.
- Allow Enough Time: Set aside at least half a day to explore Bryggen and its surroundings thoroughly.
6. Nearby Attractions
- Mount Fløyen: Take the Fløibanen funicular for breathtaking views of Bergen.
- Fish Market (Fisketorget): A vibrant spot to enjoy fresh seafood and local produce.
- Rosenkrantz Tower: A historic fortress just a short walk from Bryggen
Getting around Bergen
1. Public Transport:
Buses and Light Rail (Bybanen):
- Buses: Operated by Skyss, buses are a reliable way to travel around the city and surrounding areas. The central hub is Bergen Busstasjon (Bus Station).
- Bybanen (Light Rail): A convenient and eco-friendly option, the light rail connects Bergen city center to the southern suburbs, including Bergen Airport (Flesland).
- Runs frequently: Every 5–10 minutes during peak hours.
- Affordable and easy to navigate.
Tickets:
- Purchase tickets via the Skyss Ticket App or at ticket machines in major stops.
- A single ticket covers buses and Bybanen and is valid for 90 minutes.
2. Walking:
- Bergen’s city center is compact and highly walkable. Most attractions, like Bryggen Wharf, the Fish Market, and Mount Fløyen’s funicular, are within a short distance.
3. Taxis and Ride-sharing:
- Taxis: Readily available but expensive. Look for Bergen Taxi or Norgestaxi.
- Ride-sharing Apps: Services like Uber are limited, so taxis are the main option for direct rides.
4. Biking:
- Bergen has introduced bike-friendly infrastructure in recent years.
- Bike Rentals:
- Services like Bergen Bysykkel (city bikes) allow you to pick up and drop off bikes at stations around the city.
- Some guided bike tours are also available if you want to explore scenic routes.
5. Car Rentals and Driving:
- Car Rentals: Ideal for exploring areas outside the city, like Hardangerfjord or Sognefjord. Rental services are available at Bergen Airport and the city center.
- Parking: Limited in the city center, and some streets are pedestrian-only.
- Use parking garages like Bygarasjen near the bus station.
6. Ferries and Boats:
- Fjord Cruises: Many fjord tours depart from Bergen, allowing you to explore the region’s natural beauty.
- Local Ferries: For visiting nearby islands like Askøy or Sotra.
7. Funicular and Cable Cars:
- Fløibanen Funicular: Takes you from the city center to the top of Mount Fløyen for panoramic views.
- Ulriken Cable Car: Ascends Mount Ulriken, the highest of Bergen’s seven mountains.
8. Airport Transfers:
- Bybanen Light Rail: The most affordable way to get to/from Bergen Airport.
- Airport Bus (Flybussen): Offers direct service between the airport and city center hotels.
Tips:
- Weather Preparedness: Bergen is known for rain, so wear waterproof gear if walking or biking.
- Explore Beyond the City: Public transport options like buses and trains make it easy to visit nearby areas like Voss or Flam.
Free travel with the Bergen Pass
Buy the Bergen Card and get free entry or discounted admission to museums and attractions, events or sightseeing tours. You also get great discounts on restaurants and parking and you can travel for free on busses in Bergen and the region operated by Skyss. The boat to Askøy and Nordhordland is also included.
The Bergen Light Rail line number 1 (between Bergen airport and the city center) and line number 2 (between the city centre and Fyllingsdalen) is also free. Please note: the Bergen Card includes local buses (Skyss) and the Light Rail (Bybanen) in Vestland county. It is NOT valid on VY trains, express coaches and regional boat routes and ferries. (only boats zone A)
Eating out for vegans in Bergen
While Bergen might not be the most vegan-friendly city in the world, there are still plenty of high-quality options to choose from.
- Pygmalion is a great centrally located ecological and veggie focused restaurant in the centre of town near Torget.
- The Bergen branch of the health food store chain, Kinsarvik also stocks a range of vegan products from mock meats to vegan cheeses, as well as sweets and treats from great brands like Pana Chocolate, Funky Fresh Food, Bio-Life, Suma, Seed and Bean amongst many others.
- Dwell is a restaurant, a bar, a night club, AND a yoga studio! They have so many vegan options on their menu, including burgers, toasted sandwiches and empanadas.
- Hallaisen is brilliantly placed in central Bergen and has a cosy little shop where they sell a range of homemade ice creams. The vegan option is the mango ice cream made with coconut milk which is excellently creamy and delicious, a proper ice cream for vegans, not just a sorbet!
- Soya is one of the most upscale restaurants in Bergen. They have upped their game and added a lot more vegan options.
The best time to visit Bergen
The best time to visit Bergen, Norway, depends on your preferences for weather, activities, and crowds. Here’s a breakdown:
1. Summer (June to August) – Ideal for Pleasant Weather
- Why Visit?
- Long days with nearly 18–20 hours of daylight due to the Midnight Sun.
- Temperatures are mild, averaging between 13–20°C (55–68°F).
- Perfect for outdoor activities like hiking, fjord cruises, and exploring the city’s iconic sites like Bryggen and Mount Fløyen.
- Downside: It’s the busiest and most expensive time, as many tourists flock to the city.
2. Autumn (September to November) – Fewer Crowds
- Why Visit?
- Cooler temperatures (7–15°C or 45–59°F), with colorful autumn foliage adding charm to the surrounding landscapes.
- Fewer crowds compared to summer, making it more peaceful to explore.
- Downside: Increased chances of rain, as Bergen is known for its wet climate.
3. Winter (December to February) – Cozy and Magical
- Why Visit?
- Festive holiday atmosphere with Christmas markets and cozy cafes.
- Opportunities for winter sports in nearby mountains.
- Northern lights visibility increases slightly if you venture further into the fjord regions.
- Downside: Cold temperatures (1–5°C or 34–41°F) and shorter days with limited daylight.
4. Spring (March to May) – Blooming Beauty
- Why Visit?
- Nature begins to awaken with flowers blooming and snow melting in the mountains.
- Milder weather, ranging from 5–12°C (41–54°F).
- Fewer tourists and lower accommodation costs.
- Downside: Unpredictable weather – it might still be quite rainy.
Overall Recommendation
- For the best mix of weather and activities: Visit in late spring (May) or summer (June to early August).
- If you want to avoid crowds: Aim for early autumn (September) or spring (April-May).
Always pack layers and waterproof gear, as Bergen’s weather can be unpredictable year-round!
Where to stay in Bergen
1. Mid Range: Citybox Bergen Danmarksplass
This budget design hotel is located in Danmarksplass in Bergen, and offers free WiFi, a 24-hour front desk, and a restaurant.
All rooms at Citybox Bergen Danmarksplass are simple and tastefully decorated, and feature a desk and window seating. Some rooms come with an additional seating area. Each room includes a private bathroom with a shower, a hair dryer and free toiletries.
Popular points of interest near the accommodations include Nygårdspark, Vilvite – Bergen Science Center and Arenum Exhibition Center. The city center can easily be reached by three tram stops. The nearest airport is Bergen Flesland Airport, 9.9 mi from Citybox Bergen Danmarksplass.
2. Luxury – Bergen Børs Hotel
Located in an old stock exchange building from 1862, Bergen Børs Hotel offers accommodations in central Bergen, 459 feet from Bergen’s fish market. Guests can enjoy cocktails and a variety of local beers at the on-site bar, or relax in one of the three onsite restaurants that focus on locally produced ingredients. Free WiFi is offered.
The UNESCO World Heritage Bryggen district is 1804 feet from Bergen Børs Hotel, while the Fløibanen Funicular is 1476 feet away.
3. Budget – City Hostel Bergen
Located only 820 feet from Bergen Station, City Hostel Bergen provides basic hostel accommodations with free Wi-Fi and a shared kitchen. Bergen’s famous Fish Market is a 5-minute walk away.
City Hostel Bergen provides modern and bright rooms featuring wooden floors, lockable wardrobes and a writing desk. Bathroom facilities are either private or shared.
Only 5 minutes’ walk away is the medieval harbor area, Bryggen, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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