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Capital City: Warsaw
Government System: Parliamentary Republic
Surface Area: 312,696 km²
Population: Approx. 37.7 million (2025)
Languages Spoken: Polish (official), minority languages in regional use
Major Religions: Predominantly Roman Catholic, with minority Protestant, Orthodox and non-religious groups
| Dolnośląskie | Kujawsko-Pomorskie | Lublin |
| Lubuskie | Łódzkie | Lower Poland |
| Mazowieckie | Opolskie | Subcarpathian |
| Podlaskie | Pomorskie | Śląskie |
| Świętokrzyskie | Warmian-Masurian | Wielkopolskie |
| Zachodniopomorskie |
Country Overview
Poland is a large and diverse country in Central Europe with a long and often turbulent history. Sitting between Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe, its geography and politics have made it a crossroads of cultures, ideas, and conflicts over the centuries. Modern Poland is now a stable parliamentary republic, part of both the European Union and NATO, and increasingly influential in the region. The country stretches from the sandy Baltic Sea coast in the north, through fertile plains and farmland, to the Carpathian and Sudetes mountain ranges in the south, offering visitors a mix of natural beauty and historical heritage.
Warsaw, the capital, is a symbol of resilience, rebuilt from near total destruction during the Second World War. Beyond Warsaw, Kraków is famed for its medieval square and royal castle, while Gdańsk on the Baltic coast boasts Hanseatic architecture and a proud maritime tradition. Poland’s towns and villages still carry many reminders of its past, including Gothic churches, castles, and poignant reminders of its wartime history. Visitors will also find Poland a modern and hospitable place, with excellent infrastructure, lively cultural scenes, and a rapidly developing economy.
The Polish people are proud of their traditions and strong national identity, yet welcoming to guests. Food plays a large role in social life, with hearty dishes such as pierogi, bigos, and żurek widely enjoyed. Poland has a strong café culture, thriving nightlife in its larger cities, and an increasing reputation for arts, film, and music festivals. For travellers, Poland offers a blend of affordability, safety, and culture, making it one of Europe’s most rewarding destinations to explore.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💰 Currency in Poland
Poland’s currency is the Polish złoty (PLN), abbreviated as zł. One złoty is divided into 100 groszy. Banknotes are colourful and depict important figures from Polish history, while coins feature national emblems such as the eagle. Despite Poland being part of the European Union, the euro is not the official currency, though it is occasionally accepted in tourist-heavy areas. Travellers should carry złoty for everyday use, particularly in smaller towns, rural areas, and markets.
🏦 Denominations
The złoty is issued in coins of 1, 2, 5 złoty and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 groszy. Banknotes come in 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 złoty denominations. The most commonly used are the 10, 20, 50, and 100 złoty notes, while larger notes such as 200 and 500 złoty are less frequently seen in everyday transactions. Coins are widely used, so travellers should be prepared to handle change, especially for public transport, small purchases, and vending machines.
💱 Currency Exchange
Currency exchange is straightforward in Poland. Exchange offices, called kantors, are widely available in cities, airports, and border areas, and usually offer competitive rates with low or no commission. Banks also provide exchange services, though sometimes at less favourable rates. It is best to avoid exchanging money at airports where rates can be less advantageous. Euros, US dollars, and pounds sterling are the most commonly accepted foreign currencies for exchange.
💳 Credit Cards
Major credit and debit cards, including Visa and Mastercard, are accepted in hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, and most shops. Contactless payments are very common in Poland, with mobile payment systems such as Apple Pay and Google Pay widely supported. However, cash is still preferred in small businesses, rural areas, and local markets, so keeping some złoty on hand is sensible.
🏧 ATMs
ATMs are easy to find in cities and towns, often located outside banks, in shopping centres, and at transport hubs. Most machines accept international cards, though some may charge fees depending on your bank. Dynamic currency conversion (DCC) options are often offered at ATMs, but it is usually better to decline and withdraw in local currency for better exchange rates. Security is generally good, though basic caution should be observed when withdrawing cash.
Tipping
🍽️ Tipping in Restaurants
Tipping in restaurants is customary but not mandatory. A service charge is not usually included in the bill, so leaving around 10% is considered polite if the service is good. In casual eateries or cafés, rounding up the bill is sufficient. It is best to hand the tip directly to the server rather than leaving it on the table, as this avoids confusion.
🏨 Tipping in Hotels
Hotel staff generally appreciate small tips for good service. Porters usually expect a few złoty per bag, while housekeeping may be tipped 5–10 złoty per day. At higher-end hotels, a small tip for the concierge is also appreciated if they provide special assistance, such as arranging transport or reservations.
🚖 Tipping in Taxis
Taxis do not require tips, but rounding up the fare to the nearest 5 or 10 złoty is common and appreciated. If the driver helps with luggage or provides especially courteous service, adding a little extra is a nice gesture. Always use licensed taxis or ride-hailing apps like Bolt or Uber to avoid overcharging.
🚍 Tipping Guides and Drivers
For guided tours, it is polite to tip the guide around 10–15 złoty per person for a half-day tour, and a bit more for full-day excursions. Drivers on private tours also appreciate a small tip, usually 5–10 złoty depending on the length of the trip. While not obligatory, tipping shows appreciation for good service.
Communications
📶 Public WiFi
Public WiFi is widely available in Poland, especially in larger cities. Many cafés, restaurants, shopping centres, and even public squares in Warsaw, Kraków, and other cities provide free WiFi access. Speeds are generally good, though connections may require accepting terms and conditions or entering an email address.
🏨 Hotel WiFi
Most hotels, from budget to luxury, provide free WiFi for guests. In major cities, the connections are usually fast and reliable, though in rural areas the signal may be weaker. Some hotels may offer premium WiFi at an additional cost for higher speeds, but standard connections are usually sufficient for email, browsing, and streaming.
📱 Mobile Networks and SIM Cards
Poland has good mobile coverage, with 4G widely available and 5G expanding in urban centres. Major providers include Orange, T-Mobile, and Plus. Prepaid SIM cards are easy to buy at airports, convenience stores, and kiosks, and they are relatively inexpensive. Tourists can expect affordable packages that include data, calls, and texts, making them a practical choice for staying connected. Identification (such as a passport) is usually required when purchasing a SIM card.
Getting Around
🚋 Trains
Poland has an extensive rail network, connecting most major cities and towns. High-speed trains such as the Pendolino connect Warsaw, Kraków, and Gdańsk quickly and comfortably, while regional trains provide affordable options for shorter journeys. Booking in advance online is recommended for long-distance routes.
🚌 Buses
Intercity buses are efficient and often cheaper than trains. Carriers such as FlixBus and PolskiBus connect cities across Poland and also run international routes. In rural areas, local buses are essential for reaching smaller towns and villages, though timetables may be less frequent.
🚖 Taxis and Ride-Hailing
Taxis are readily available in cities but should always be ordered from official ranks or via phone apps. Ride-hailing services such as Uber, Bolt, and FreeNow are widely used and often cheaper than regular taxis.
🚊 Trams
Trams are an excellent way to get around in cities such as Warsaw, Kraków, and Wrocław. They are inexpensive, reliable, and provide a scenic way to explore urban areas. Tickets should be validated on board, and inspectors do make checks.
🚇 Metro
Warsaw is the only city in Poland with a metro system, currently consisting of two lines. It is clean, safe, and fast, covering key parts of the capital. Expansion is ongoing, and the system integrates with buses and trams for seamless travel.
🚲 Cycling
Many Polish cities are increasingly bike-friendly, with cycle paths and bike hire schemes available. In Kraków and Warsaw, city bike-sharing systems allow cheap and convenient short rides. Helmets are recommended, though not compulsory.
Health advice
💉 Health Advice
Poland is a safe destination in terms of health, with no unusual risks. Vaccinations are generally similar to other European countries, but some are recommended.
| Vaccine | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Tetanus, Diphtheria, Polio | Standard booster recommended |
| Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) | Ensure up to date |
| Hepatitis A | Recommended for most travellers |
| Hepatitis B | Recommended for extended stays or medical procedures |
| Tick-borne Encephalitis | For rural or forest visits, especially in summer |
🦠 Diseases
There are no major endemic diseases in Poland, but in rural and forested areas ticks can carry Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. Using repellent and checking for ticks after walks is sensible. Food and water are safe, with tap water generally drinkable in most cities.
🏥 Healthcare Standards
Healthcare in Poland is of a reasonable standard, though facilities in large cities are usually better equipped than those in rural areas. English-speaking doctors can be found in major centres, but less so outside them. Pharmacies are widespread and medicines relatively affordable.
🛡️ Insurance
Travel insurance is essential, even within the EU. EU citizens should carry a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or the new GHIC, which allows access to public healthcare, but this does not replace full insurance. Non-EU visitors should ensure their policy covers medical care, emergency evacuation, and repatriation.
Safety
🚔 Crime
Poland is a relatively safe country with low crime rates compared to many European nations. Petty crime such as pickpocketing can occur in busy tourist areas, train stations, and public transport. Basic precautions such as keeping valuables secure and avoiding poorly lit areas at night are advisable.
⚠️ General Safety Issues
Road safety is a concern, as driving standards can vary and rural roads may be poorly maintained. Winter weather can also make driving hazardous. Public transport, however, is generally safe and reliable.
📜 Local Laws
Poland has strict laws on drug possession, with penalties including imprisonment. Public drunkenness may result in fines, and drinking alcohol in streets or public parks is generally prohibited. Smoking is banned in enclosed public spaces such as restaurants, bars, and train stations.
☎️ Emergency Numbers
| Service | Number |
|---|---|
| General Emergency | 112 |
| Police | 997 |
| Fire | 998 |
| Ambulance | 999 |
Climate
🌸 Spring
Spring in Poland (March–May) brings blossoming flowers and gradually warmer weather, though March can still be chilly. This is a pleasant season for sightseeing without the heavy tourist crowds.
☀️ Summer
Summer (June–August) is warm, with average temperatures of 20–27°C. This is the peak tourist season, especially in Kraków, Gdańsk, and the Masurian Lake District. Beaches along the Baltic Sea can be crowded but enjoyable.
🍂 Autumn
Autumn (September–November) is mild at first, with beautiful colours in the countryside, especially in forests and national parks. October is particularly picturesque, though by November the weather turns colder and more unpredictable.
❄️ Winter
Winter (December–February) can be very cold, with temperatures often below freezing. Snow is common, especially in the mountains, making it a popular season for skiing and winter sports in the Tatra Mountains.
🎒 Packing Tips
Travellers should bring layered clothing to adapt to Poland’s varied climate. A good coat and boots are essential in winter, while light clothes and sun protection are recommended in summer. Rain is possible in all seasons, so a waterproof jacket or umbrella is useful.
📅 Best Time to Visit
The best times to visit are late spring (May–June) and early autumn (September), when the weather is pleasant and crowds are smaller. These seasons offer a balance of comfortable temperatures and more affordable travel.
| Season | Average Temperature | Tourist Level | Highlights |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | 10–18°C | Low–Medium | Blossoms, fewer crowds |
| Summer | 20–27°C | High | Beaches, festivals |
| Autumn | 8–15°C | Medium | Autumn colours, hiking |
| Winter | -6–2°C | Low–Medium | Skiing, Christmas markets |
Visa information
🛂 Visa Information
Poland is part of the Schengen Area, so EU and EEA citizens can enter with just a passport or ID card. Many non-EU travellers, including those from the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, can visit visa-free for up to 90 days within a 180-day period.
📑 Visa Types
Short-stay Schengen visas are required for some nationalities outside this agreement, allowing travel within Poland and other Schengen countries. Long-stay visas and residence permits are needed for those studying, working, or staying beyond 90 days.
🔗 Useful Links
Electrical
Which power plugs and sockets are used in Europe?
In Europe, the power plugs and sockets are of type F. The standard voltage is 230 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz. Check out the following pictures.
Type F: also known as “Schuko”. This socket also works with plug C and plug E.
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| Type F: This socket also works with plug C and E |