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Capital city: Bangkok
Government system: Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system
Surface Area: 513,120 km²
Population: Approximately 71 million
Languages Spoken: Thai (official), minority languages including Lao, Malay, Khmer, and various hill tribe dialects; English widely taught
Major Religions: Predominantly Theravāda Buddhism; Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and other minority faiths
Country Overview
Thailand is a fascinating country in Southeast Asia, known for its vibrant culture, rich traditions, and breathtaking natural scenery. The nation stretches from the mountains of the north to the lush rice plains of the centre and onwards to the tropical islands in the south. Its capital, Bangkok, is a bustling metropolis famous for ornate temples, floating markets, modern shopping malls, and a nightlife scene that never seems to sleep. Thailand blends centuries-old traditions with the fast pace of modern life, creating a truly unique atmosphere that appeals to travellers from across the globe.
Beyond the capital, Thailand’s landscapes offer something for everyone. The north provides cooler climates and cultural heritage, with cities like Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai renowned for temples, festivals, and traditional crafts. The central plains serve as the nation’s rice bowl, showcasing Thailand’s role as one of the world’s largest rice exporters. Heading south, visitors discover pristine beaches and crystal-clear waters, with islands such as Phuket, Koh Samui, and Krabi ranking among the most sought-after beach destinations in Asia. Each region adds another layer to Thailand’s identity, making it a country of great variety.
The people of Thailand are equally a part of its appeal, with the “Land of Smiles” nickname reflecting the warmth and friendliness shown to visitors. Food is another highlight, with Thai cuisine celebrated for its balance of flavours and diversity of dishes. Thailand is also a hub for spiritual tourism, with Buddhism woven into everyday life through monasteries, temples, and festivals. For all these reasons, Thailand has remained one of the world’s most visited countries, welcoming millions of travellers annually and offering them a rich, layered experience.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💰 Currency Overview
The official currency of Thailand is the Thai Baht (THB). It is widely used across the country and is the only legal tender accepted for goods and services. Banknotes are colourful and feature images of the Thai monarchy, while coins are smaller and commonly used in daily transactions. The Baht is available in both coins and notes, and tourists will find it convenient for everything from paying for street food to hotel stays.
💵 Denominations
Thai Baht is issued in coins and banknotes. Coins come in 1, 2, 5, and 10 Baht, with smaller satang coins (25 and 50 satang) used less frequently. Banknotes are issued in 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 Baht denominations. The 20 Baht note is green, the 50 is blue, the 100 is red, the 500 is purple, and the 1,000 is brown. Notes are widely used, with the 100 Baht being particularly common for everyday purchases.
💱 Currency Exchange
Currency exchange is straightforward and widely available in Thailand. Exchange counters are found at airports, shopping centres, tourist areas, and banks. Rates at airports are generally less favourable than those in the city. ATMs typically offer good exchange rates but may charge fees. Tourists should ensure they carry some small denominations for street markets, tuk-tuks, or rural areas where card payments may not be accepted.
🏧 Credit Cards and ATMs
Major credit cards such as Visa and MasterCard are accepted in most hotels, shopping centres, and restaurants. However, many small businesses and local eateries still operate on cash only. ATMs are plentiful across Thailand, especially in urban areas and tourist destinations. Withdrawals typically incur a local fee (around 200 Baht per transaction), in addition to your home bank’s charges. It is advisable to withdraw larger amounts to minimise fees, while always keeping cash secure.
Tipping
🍽️ Restaurants
Tipping is not a strict custom in Thailand, but it is appreciated. In casual eateries and street food stalls, rounding up the bill is sufficient. In mid-range and high-end restaurants, leaving 5–10% of the bill is common if service is good. Some restaurants add a service charge, in which case no further tip is required.
🏨 Hotels
In hotels, tipping is customary but not compulsory. A small amount for porters (20–50 Baht per bag) and housekeeping (20–50 Baht per night) is considered polite. At luxury hotels, larger tips are expected.
🚕 Taxis
Taxis in Thailand are metered, and rounding up the fare to the nearest 10 Baht is a simple way to tip. Tuk-tuks, however, operate on negotiated fares, and no tip is necessary beyond the agreed price.
🚐 Guides and Drivers
For tour guides, tipping is more significant. Around 100–200 Baht per day for a driver and 200–500 Baht per day for a guide is customary. For group tours, smaller amounts are acceptable but still appreciated.
Communications
🌐 Public WiFi
Public WiFi is increasingly available in Thailand, particularly in cafés, shopping malls, and airports. However, it is not always reliable or secure, so tourists should avoid using it for sensitive tasks such as online banking.
🏨 Hotel WiFi
Most hotels offer free WiFi, though speed and reliability vary. Higher-end hotels typically provide strong connections, while budget accommodation may have limited coverage. It is best to confirm at check-in whether WiFi is included.
📱 Mobile Networks & SIM Cards
Thailand has an excellent mobile network, with providers such as AIS, TrueMove, and DTAC offering prepaid SIM cards. SIMs can be purchased at airports, 7-Eleven stores, and shopping malls. Tourists should bring passport identification to register a SIM. Data packages are affordable and offer good coverage, even in rural areas.
Getting around
🚆 Trains
Thailand’s rail network is extensive, connecting Bangkok with the north, northeast, and south. Trains are affordable and offer different classes, including overnight sleeper services.
🚌 Buses
Buses are the backbone of Thailand’s domestic transport system. They range from cheap local buses to comfortable VIP coaches, operating between major cities and towns.
🛺 Tuk-Tuks
Tuk-tuks are iconic three-wheeled taxis. They are fun for short journeys but not the cheapest option. Always agree on a price before departure.
🚕 Taxis
Taxis are abundant in cities, particularly Bangkok. Always ensure the driver uses the meter; if not, negotiate a price beforehand.
🛵 Motorbike Taxis
Motorbike taxis are a fast way to travel short distances, especially in busy cities. Helmets are required by law, though enforcement can be lax.
🚤 Boats and Ferries
Thailand’s islands and rivers are served by ferries and longtail boats. In Bangkok, river ferries are a scenic and practical way to get around.
🚗 Driving and Local Laws
Foreigners can drive in Thailand with an International Driving Permit. Traffic drives on the left, and wearing a helmet on motorbikes is compulsory. Road conditions in rural areas may vary, and driving standards can differ from those in Europe. Police checks for licences and helmets are common, and fines can be issued on the spot.
Health advice
💉 Suggested Vaccines
| Vaccine | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis A | Recommended for most travellers |
| Hepatitis B | Recommended for long stays or medical exposure |
| Typhoid | Advised for rural travel |
| Tetanus | Ensure up to date |
| Rabies | For extended stays or rural areas |
| Japanese Encephalitis | Recommended in some regions |
🦟 Diseases
Mosquito-borne illnesses such as dengue fever, malaria, and Zika virus are present in Thailand. Precautions include mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves, and sleeping under nets in rural areas.
🤒 Potential Health Issues
Heatstroke and dehydration are common due to Thailand’s tropical climate. Tap water is not safe to drink, so bottled water is recommended. Food hygiene varies, so eating at busy stalls and avoiding raw or undercooked food helps reduce risk.
🏨 Healthcare Standards
Thailand offers excellent healthcare, especially in major cities such as Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Private hospitals provide high standards of care, with English-speaking staff, though costs can be high.
📑 Insurance
Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly recommended, covering medical expenses, theft, and trip cancellations. Policies should include medical evacuation, as treatment for serious conditions may require transfer.
Safety
🚨 Crime
Thailand is generally safe, but petty theft such as pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas. Tourists should remain vigilant with personal belongings.
⚠️ General Safety Issues
Scams targeting tourists are common, including overpriced tuk-tuk tours and fake gems. It is advisable to research and book through reputable providers.
📜 Local Laws
Respect for the monarchy is a legal requirement, and insulting the royal family is a criminal offence. Drugs are strictly prohibited, with severe penalties including long prison terms. Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon in rural areas.
☎️ Emergency Numbers
| Service | Number |
|---|---|
| Police | 191 |
| Tourist Police | 1155 |
| Ambulance/Medical | 1669 |
| Fire | 199 |
Climate
🌸 Cool Season (November–February)
This is the most pleasant time to visit, with cooler temperatures and dry weather. It is peak tourist season, especially in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and the islands.
☀️ Hot Season (March–May)
Temperatures rise significantly, often exceeding 35°C. It can feel humid and uncomfortable, particularly in cities.
🌧️ Rainy Season (June–October)
Heavy rains and occasional flooding occur, especially in September. However, the countryside is lush, and accommodation prices are lower.
🎒 Packing Tips
Light, breathable clothing is essential, along with a hat, sunscreen, and mosquito repellent. A lightweight raincoat or umbrella is useful during the rainy season. Modest clothing is required for temple visits.
📅 Best Time to Visit
The best time overall is during the cool season from November to February when the weather is most comfortable.
Thailand Climate Summary Table
| Season | Months | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Cool | Nov–Feb | Dry, cooler, best for travel |
| Hot | Mar–May | Very hot, humid |
| Rainy | Jun–Oct | Wet, lush, fewer tourists |
Visa information
📑 Visa Types
Most nationalities receive a visa exemption or visa on arrival, allowing stays of 15–45 days depending on nationality. Longer stays require applying for a tourist visa at a Thai embassy or consulate. Extensions may be possible at immigration offices within Thailand.
🌍 Useful Links
Official Thai Immigration: www.immigration.go.th
Thai Embassy London: www.thaiembassy.org/london
Electrical
The standard voltage is 240 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz.
Which power plugs and sockets in Thailand?
In Thailand, the power plug sockets are of type A, B, C, F and O. Check out the following pictures.
Type A: mainly used in North and Central America, China and Japan. This socket only works with plug A.
Type B: like type A but with an extra prong for grounding. This socket also works with plug A.
Type C: also known as the standard “Euro” plug. This socket also works with plug E and plug F.
Type F: also known as “Schuko”. This socket also works with plug C and plug E.
Type O: this type is unique to Thailand but it also works with plug C, plug E and plug
 |  |  |  |
| Type A: This socket has no alternative plugs | Type B: This socket also works with plug A | Type C: This socket also works with plugs E and F | Type O: This socket also works with plugs C, E and F |