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Capital: Berlin
System: Federal parliamentary republic
Area: About 357,600 square kilometres (137,847 square miles)
Size comparison: Roughly one and a half times the size of the United Kingdom, and slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Montana
Population: Approximately 84 million people
Languages: German (official, with recognised minority languages including Sorbian, Danish, Frisian and Romani; regional varieties such as Low German are also spoken)
Religion: The predominant religion is Christianity, with the population almost evenly divided between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, alongside smaller Christian groups, Islam, Judaism, and a significant proportion with no religious affiliation
Country Information Germany, is a country in Central and Western Europe, lying between the Baltic and North Seas to the north and the Alps, Lake Constance and the High Rhine to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France to the southwest, and Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west. Germany includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres (137,988 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 83 million inhabitants, it is the second-most populous state of Europe after Russia, the most populous state lying entirely in Europe, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is a very decentralised country. Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country’s busiest airport. Germany’s largest urban area is the Ruhr, with its main centres of Dortmund and Essen. The country’s other major cities are Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf, Leipzig, Bremen, Dresden, Hanover, and Nuremberg. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. The German revolutions of 1848–49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights. |
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
On 1 January 2002, along with 11 other Member States of the European Union, Austria adopted the euro currency. These notes and coins can therefore be used in any country belonging to the euro zone: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
- €1 is made up of 100 centimes or cents.
- Notes: €5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200.
- Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centimes, as well as €1 and 2€.
Credit cards from major providers are accepted almost everywhere. That includes Visa and Mastercard as well as American Express and Diners Club.
Just be wary of the charges you might incur for using your credit card overseas. These can include:
- International transaction fees
- High exchange rate margins
- ATM fees
- Potential ‘cash advance fees if you use an ATM
Tipping
🍽️ Restaurants
A tip of around 10% is standard if service isn’t already included on the bill.
🏨 Hotels
It’s customary to give around €1–2 per bag for bellhops and a similar amount per night for housekeeping staff.
🚖 Taxis
Tipping isn’t required, but rounding up to the nearest euro is appreciated.
🧭 Tour Guides & Drivers
For guided tours, tipping around €5–10 per person, per day is common, depending on service quality and group size.
Communications
📱 Mobile Phones & SIM Cards
If you’re planning to stay connected while travelling in Germany, picking up a local SIM card is straightforward and affordable. It’s the best way to enjoy reasonably priced mobile data and call rates without relying solely on Wi-Fi.
Major Providers:
Telekom (T-Mobile) – excellent coverage nationwide, including rural areas
Vodafone – strong data speeds in cities and towns
O2 – competitive pricing, good coverage in urban regions
Where to buy: SIM cards are available at airport kiosks, official provider shops, large supermarkets, electronics retailers (e.g., MediaMarkt or Saturn), and some convenience stores. Remember to bring your passport — registration is required by law.
Cost: Expect to pay around €10–20 for a SIM including some data and minutes. Top-ups can be done online, via apps, at supermarkets, kiosks, or even ATMs.
🌐 Internet & Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi hotspots: Free Wi-Fi is common in hotels, cafés, restaurants, shopping centres, train stations, and even on some regional and long-distance trains.
Connection quality: Speeds are generally reliable in urban areas, though rural and remote regions may have slower connections.
💡 Tip: Download offline maps before travelling to the countryside — just in case coverage drops when you need directions most.
Getting around
🚖 Taxis
Widely available and reliable in major cities such as Berlin, Munich, and Frankfurt.
Colours: German taxis are usually beige or cream-coloured and display a roof sign with “TAXI.”
How to use them:
Taxis use meters, but it’s best to confirm if a flat rate applies for airport runs.
They can be hailed on the street, found at taxi ranks, or booked by phone/app.
Rates: Base fares vary by city, but expect around €3–4 to start and €2 per km thereafter.
Tipping: Rounding up or adding around 10% is customary.
Apps: Free Now (formerly mytaxi) and Uber operate in most large German cities.
🚌 Buses & Trams
Local Buses & Trams: Efficient and inexpensive, part of the excellent public transport system. Services are frequent, and timetables are easy to follow via apps or station boards.
Regional & Long-distance Buses: Companies such as FlixBus connect cities across Germany and Europe, offering comfortable and affordable travel with Wi-Fi and power sockets.
🚗 Rental Cars
Ideal if you want flexibility to explore regions like Bavaria, the Black Forest, or the Romantic Road.
Requirements:
A UK or EU driving licence is accepted; an International Driving Permit may be useful if you’re from outside the EU.
Driving is on the right-hand side.
Roads: The Autobahn is world-famous — some stretches have no speed limit — but rural roads may be narrow.
Cost: From around €40–60 per day for a small car.
Tip: Satnav and offline maps are useful, especially in rural areas.
🚐 Private Drivers & Tours
A convenient but pricier option, especially for:
Wine tours along the Rhine or Moselle
Day trips to castles such as Neuschwanstein
Scenic drives in Bavaria or the Black Forest
Hotels and agencies can arrange English-speaking drivers or full guided tours.
✈️ Domestic Flights
With Germany’s efficient rail network, flying is rarely necessary. However, it can save time on longer routes such as Hamburg to Munich.
Airlines: Lufthansa and Eurowings operate domestic services.
Note: Many travellers prefer Deutsche Bahn (DB) trains, which are fast, frequent, and city-centre to city-centre.
🚶 Walking & 🚴 Biking
Walking: A great way to explore historic old towns such as Rothenburg ob der Tauber or city centres like Berlin’s Museum Island.
Biking: Extremely popular thanks to Germany’s cycle-friendly culture. Cities such as Münster and Berlin have extensive bike lanes, and the countryside offers scenic routes along rivers like the Danube or Elbe.
Health advice
The US Center For Disease Control maintains an updated list of medical advice for those travelling to Germany.
The CDC recommends being up to date with all your regular shots. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot
They also suggest being vaccinated for hepatitis A. There is also some advice about protection for hepatitis B and rabies – but this depends to some degree on where you are heading and what you are doing.
💉 Vaccinations
No special vaccines are required for entry, but the following are recommended:
Routine vaccinations (MMR, DTP, Polio) – ensure you are up to date.
Hepatitis A: Recommended if you plan to eat or drink in settings with lower hygiene standards.
Hepatitis B: For longer stays, healthcare work, or close contact with locals.
Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE): Consider if you’ll be hiking, camping, or spending extended time outdoors in rural or forested areas (especially spring–autumn).
💡 Tip: Check with your GP or travel clinic at least 4–6 weeks before travel.
🥤 Food & Water Safety
Tap water: Safe to drink in most areas of Germany.
Bottled water: Widely available if preferred.
Street food & markets: Generally safe; choose busy stalls with fresh food.
Fruit & vegetables: Wash thoroughly or peel before eating.
🤢 Traveller’s Diarrhoea
Stomach upsets are rare in Germany, but can happen if adjusting to new foods.
Pack:
Oral rehydration salts
Anti-diarrhoeal medication (e.g., loperamide or Imodium)
💧 Stay hydrated and eat light meals if unwell.
🌞 Sun & Heat Protection
Germany’s climate varies with the season, but summers can be hot and humid.
Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids, especially in heatwaves.
Sun protection: Use SPF 30+, wear sunglasses, and a hat.
Clothing: Light clothing in summer; warm layers for colder months.
🏞 Climate & Outdoor Considerations
Winter: Cold, with snow common in Bavaria and mountain regions.
Summer: Warm, sometimes very hot in cities.
Hiking & outdoor activities: Wear appropriate footwear and layers; weather can change quickly in mountainous regions.
Ticks: Present in rural and forested areas – check for bites after outdoor activities.
💊 Pharmacies & Medical Facilities
Pharmacies (Apotheke): Easily found in towns and cities; most common medicines are available, though some require prescriptions.
Hospitals & Clinics: High quality throughout Germany; emergency services are reliable.
Travel insurance: Strongly recommended to cover emergencies, private care, or unexpected illness.
Safety
1️⃣ General Safety
🛡 Low crime rate: Germany has a relatively low crime rate. Violent crime is rare, particularly in tourist areas. Petty theft such as pickpocketing can occur in busy spots like train stations, Christmas markets, and crowded city centres — keep valuables secure.
👮 Police presence: Police are visible and approachable in cities across Germany. Many officers speak some English and are generally helpful.
🚶♀️ Safe to travel solo: Solo travellers, including women, usually feel safe. As in most countries, it is advisable to avoid poorly lit or isolated areas at night.
2️⃣ Political Stability & Regional Tensions
🏛 Political climate: Germany is a politically stable democracy with little disruption to everyday life. Demonstrations do occur, especially in major cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt, or Hamburg, but these are usually well-policed.
📢 Avoid protests: Even peaceful protests can cause disruption or become tense — best to steer clear.
🗺 Stay informed: Check official travel advisories from your government (e.g., UK Foreign Office) before and during your trip.
3️⃣ Tourist Areas
🏞 Very safe: Popular destinations such as Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Cologne, the Black Forest, Bavaria, and the Rhine Valley are regarded as safe and welcoming.
🛠 Good infrastructure: Germany has excellent tourist facilities — clear signage, efficient transport networks, and high-quality guided tours.
4️⃣ Transportation Safety
🚗 Road conditions: Germany’s motorways (Autobahnen) are among the best in the world, though sections without speed limits require extra caution.
🚦 Driving caution: Be alert — local drivers may travel at very high speeds. Always keep to the right lane unless overtaking.
🚕 Taxis & apps: Licensed taxis are safe and reliable. Ride-hailing apps such as Uber operate in major cities. Public transport is also efficient and safe.
5️⃣ Women Travellers
🤝 Respectful culture: Germany is socially liberal and generally welcoming to women.
👗 Dress norms: Casual Western clothing is widely accepted; modesty is only expected in religious or conservative contexts.
🌙 Night safety: City centres are usually safe, but avoid deserted streets late at night.
6️⃣ LGBTQ+ Travellers
🏳️🌈 Legal status: Germany is one of Europe’s most LGBTQ+ friendly countries. Same-sex marriage is legal, and public attitudes are largely supportive.
🤝 Open culture: Same-sex couples are unlikely to face issues when showing affection in public, particularly in urban areas.
7️⃣ Cultural Sensitivity
🧥 Dress: No strict expectations, but respectful attire is appreciated in churches and religious sites.
🍷 Alcohol etiquette: Beer and wine are central to German culture, but drunken behaviour in public is frowned upon.
📸 Photography: Permitted in most places — but always ask before taking close-up photos of people.
📞 Emergency Contacts (Nationwide)
🚨 General Emergency: 112 (Police, Fire, Ambulance)
👮 Police: 110
☎ Directory Assistance: 11833
Climate
Germany’s Climate – From Baltic Breezes to Alpine Peaks
Germany’s climate is as varied as its landscapes — from breezy northern coasts 🌊 to rolling countryside 🌾, dense forests 🌲, and snowy Alpine peaks 🏔. Knowing what to expect will help you plan, pack wisely, and enjoy every part of your trip.
🌦 General Climate Overview
Germany has a temperate seasonal climate with four distinct seasons:
🌸 Spring (March–May)
Mild temperatures with blossoming landscapes.
Occasional showers but increasing sunshine.
Perfect for city trips, gardens, and countryside walks.
☀️ Summer (June–August)
Warm and often sunny, especially in the south.
Average highs range from 20–30°C.
Popular season for festivals, beer gardens, and hiking.
🍂 Autumn (September–November)
Crisp, cool air and beautiful autumn foliage.
Wetter and cooler as winter approaches.
Ideal for wine regions and cultural city breaks.
❄️ Winter (December–February)
Cold with snow likely in the Alps and upland areas.
Cities are chilly (often 0–5°C).
Magical for Christmas markets, skiing, and winter walks.
🗺 Regional Climate Differences
| Region | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin & Brandenburg 🌆 | 8–18°C 🌦 mild | 18–28°C ☀ warm | 7–17°C 🍂 cool/wet | -2–5°C ❄ cold |
| Bavaria & Alps 🏔 | 5–15°C 🌸 fresh | 15–27°C ☀ warm | 5–15°C 🍂 crisp | -5–5°C ❄ snowy |
| Black Forest 🌲 | 7–16°C 🌦 showery | 18–28°C ☀ sunny | 6–16°C 🍂 misty | -3–6°C ❄ snowy |
| Hamburg & North Coast 🌊 | 7–15°C 🌧 breezy | 17–24°C 🌤 mild | 6–14°C 🌫 damp | -1–5°C 🌬 chilly |
| Rhine & Moselle Valleys 🍇 | 9–18°C 🌸 blooming | 20–30°C ☀ hot | 8–18°C 🍂 colourful | 0–6°C ❄ cool |
💡 Note: Weather can shift quickly, especially in the Alps — pack for warm days and cold nights.
☔ Rainfall
Rain is spread fairly evenly year-round.
The north and west tend to be wetter, while the east is drier.
Summer brings occasional thunderstorms.
Snowfall is common in Bavaria, the Black Forest, and uplands in winter.
📅 Best Time to Visit
Spring (Mar–May): Best for blossoms, outdoor cafés, and mild weather.
Summer (Jun–Aug): Perfect for festivals, hiking, and river cruises.
Autumn (Sep–Nov): Great for wine harvests, colourful forests, and cosy cities.
Winter (Dec–Feb): Magical Christmas markets and skiing in the Alps.
🎒 Packing Tips by Season
Spring:
🧥 Light jacket • ☂ Compact umbrella • 👟 Comfortable walking shoes
Summer:
🕶 Sunglasses • 👒 Hat • 💧 Refillable water bottle • 🩳 Light clothes
Autumn:
🍁 Layered clothing • 🧣 Scarf • ☔ Waterproof jacket • 🍷 Warm jumper
Winter:
🧤 Gloves • 🧥 Thick coat • 🥾 Sturdy boots • ❄ Thermal layers
All Year:
Practical walking shoes • Power adapter • Daypack for exploring
Visa information
🛂 Visa on Arrival
Available for many nationalities, including the UK, USA, Canada, EU countries, Australia, and New Zealand.
📍 Where to get it: At major airports such as El Alto International Airport (La Paz) and most land borders (check in advance, as some smaller crossings do not issue visas).
💵 Cost: Around $55 USD for a single-entry visa.
📅 Validity: 30 days (extensions possible at immigration offices).
💳 Payment: Cash preferred (USD or BOB – Bolivian Bolivianos); limited facilities for card payments.
🎫 Tourist Pass Equivalent (No official “Bolivia Pass”)
Bolivia doesn’t have a single combined tourist pass like Jordan, but combo tickets are sometimes available for local attractions in cities like La Paz, Sucre, or Potosí.
💡 Tip: Always check with tourist offices for multi-site deals to save money on entrance fees.
💻 E-Visa / Online Application
Some nationalities that don’t qualify for visa on arrival can apply online via Bolivia’s official e-visa portal or through a Bolivian embassy or consulate.
⏱ Processing time: Typically 3–5 working days, but may vary.
🌍 Visa-Free Countries
Citizens of several South American countries (e.g. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Peru) can enter Bolivia without a visa.
🗓 Stay limit: Usually up to 90 days in a 12-month period.
🚪 Border Crossings
✈ Airports:
El Alto International Airport (La Paz) – main international gateway.
Viru Viru International Airport (Santa Cruz) – popular for flights from neighbouring countries and Europe.
🛤 Land Borders:
Desaguadero (from Peru) – Visa on arrival available.
Kasani (from Peru) – Popular for Lake Titicaca travellers.
Puerto Quijarro (from Brazil) – Check visa availability in advance.
Villazón (from Argentina) – Visa on arrival for eligible nationalities.
Electrical
Which power plugs and sockets are used in Europe?
In Europe, the power plugs and sockets are of type F. The standard voltage is 230 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz. Check out the following pictures.
Type F: also known as “Schuko”. This socket also works with plug C and plug E.
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| Type F: This socket also works with plug C and E |