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Capital city Managua
Government system Presidential Republic
Surface area 130,373 km²
Population Approximately 6.8 million
Languages spoken Spanish (official), English and Indigenous languages in some regions
Major religions Predominantly Roman Catholic and Protestant Christian
Country Overview
Nicaragua is the largest country in Central America, both in terms of land mass and diversity of landscapes. It is often described as the “land of lakes and volcanoes,” with vast freshwater lakes such as Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua, and a chain of active and dormant volcanoes running through the country. Its terrain is split between Pacific lowlands, central highlands, and Caribbean coastal plains. This variety gives Nicaragua striking natural beauty, from colonial cities and crater lakes to cloud forests and Caribbean beaches.
The country has a complex history shaped by Indigenous heritage, Spanish colonisation, political struggles, and natural challenges. Today, Nicaragua presents itself as a nation of contrasts: bustling modern Managua compared to colonial Granada and León, simple rural farming communities compared to tourist-focused coastal towns, and the Pacific region’s Spanish-speaking majority compared to the multicultural Caribbean coast where English and Indigenous languages are more commonly spoken.
Tourism is steadily increasing as visitors discover its relatively untouched landscapes and affordable travel options. The pace of life is slower than in many neighbouring countries, making Nicaragua an appealing destination for those who prefer authenticity over polished tourist resorts. Whether exploring volcanoes, enjoying surf on the Pacific coast, or relaxing on the Corn Islands in the Caribbean, travellers often remark on the warmth and hospitality of Nicaraguans.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💰 Currency Overview
The official currency of Nicaragua is the Nicaraguan Córdoba (NIO), sometimes referred to as the “peso” locally. The US dollar is also widely accepted, especially in tourist areas, hotels, and larger shops. Prices may be displayed in both currencies, and it is common for change to be given in a mix of córdobas and dollars. For day-to-day expenses such as taxis, markets, and smaller restaurants, córdobas are preferred.
💵 Denominations
Córdobas are available in both coins and banknotes. Coins are issued in small values such as 0.25, 0.50, 1, 5, and 10 córdobas, useful for buses or small purchases. Banknotes are printed in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 córdobas. Tourists may find larger notes difficult to use for small transactions, so carrying a supply of smaller bills is sensible.
💱 Currency Exchange
Currency exchange can be carried out at banks, authorised exchange bureaux, or even on the street with licensed money changers who are common in city centres and markets. Rates are usually competitive, but it is safer to use official locations. US dollars are the easiest foreign currency to exchange, while other currencies such as euros may attract less favourable rates.
🏧 Credit Cards and ATMs
Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in larger hotels, shops, and restaurants, but in smaller towns and rural areas cash is essential. ATMs are found in most cities and larger towns, often located near banks or shopping areas. They dispense córdobas and sometimes US dollars. It is wise to carry cash, especially when travelling to more remote regions, as card machines are not always reliable.
Tipping
🍽️ Tipping in Restaurants
In Nicaragua, a 10% service charge is sometimes added to the bill in restaurants, particularly in more tourist-oriented places. If it is not included, leaving a tip of around 10% is customary and appreciated. For very small local eateries, tipping is not expected, though rounding up the bill is considered polite.
🏨 Tipping in Hotels
Hotel staff generally appreciate small tips. Porters can be given the equivalent of $1 per bag, while housekeeping staff might receive $1–2 per day depending on the level of service. Tips should ideally be left in córdobas, though dollars are also accepted.
🚕 Tipping for Taxis
Tipping taxi drivers is not a common practice in Nicaragua. Fares are usually negotiated before the journey, particularly in unmetered taxis. Rounding up to the nearest convenient amount is appreciated but not expected.
🚌 Tipping Guides and Drivers
Tour guides and private drivers rely more heavily on tips. For guides, $5–10 per person per day is typical, depending on the length and quality of the tour. Drivers can be tipped around $2–5 per day. Group tours may expect a collective tip at the end.
Communications
📶 Public WiFi
Public WiFi is available in some plazas, cafes, and restaurants in larger cities, but the speed and reliability can vary considerably. It is adequate for basic messaging but may not be strong enough for streaming or heavy use.
🏨 Hotel WiFi
Most mid-range and higher-end hotels offer free WiFi, usually more reliable than public networks. However, connections can still be inconsistent, especially outside Managua or Granada. Business-standard hotels tend to have the most dependable service.
📱 Mobile Networks and SIM Cards
Nicaragua has several mobile network providers, with Claro and Tigo being the main ones. Tourists can purchase prepaid SIM cards at airports, phone shops, or kiosks, often with affordable data packages. A passport is required for registration. Coverage is generally good in cities and towns but patchy in remote rural areas.
Getting around
🚌 Buses
Buses are the most common and affordable form of transport in Nicaragua, connecting towns and cities across the country. “Chicken buses,” converted American school buses, are colourful and inexpensive but often crowded and slow. They are ideal for budget travellers.
🚖 Taxis
Taxis are plentiful in cities but often lack meters, so fares should be agreed upon in advance. In Managua, official taxis are safer to use than informal ones. Ride-hailing apps are limited, but some operate in the capital.
🚐 Shared Minibuses
Known as “colectivos,” shared minibuses operate on popular routes and are faster than public buses. They depart once full and are commonly used for medium-distance travel.
🚗 Car Hire
Car rental is available in major cities and at airports, but road conditions can vary, and driving standards are often unpredictable. Travellers should be confident and cautious drivers, especially in rural areas where signage is poor.
✈️ Domestic Flights
Domestic flights connect Managua with destinations such as the Corn Islands, useful for those short on time. La Costeña is the main domestic airline.
⛴️ Boats and Ferries
Boats and ferries are essential for reaching the Corn Islands or travelling across Lake Nicaragua. Services are regular but subject to weather conditions.
Health advice
💉 Suggested Vaccines
| Vaccine | Recommended For |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis A | All travellers |
| Typhoid | Most travellers |
| Tetanus/Diphtheria | All travellers |
| Hepatitis B | Long-term stays or medical work |
| Rabies | Rural travel or animal exposure |
| Yellow Fever | Only if arriving from affected countries |
🦠 Diseases
Travellers should be aware of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Malaria risk is low but present in some rural areas, so insect repellent, long clothing, and mosquito nets are important.
🏥 Healthcare Standards
Healthcare in Nicaragua is limited outside major cities. Public hospitals exist but may lack supplies and equipment. Private clinics in Managua and Granada offer better standards of care but at higher costs.
🛡️ Insurance
Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly advised, covering medical treatment, evacuation, and theft. Medical evacuation to Costa Rica may be necessary for serious conditions.
Safety
👮 Crime
Petty theft such as pickpocketing and bag-snatching occurs in markets, bus stations, and tourist areas. Violent crime is less common but not unheard of. Staying alert and avoiding carrying valuables is recommended.
⚠️ General Safety Issues
Poor road conditions and reckless driving make road travel a concern. Natural hazards include earthquakes and volcanic activity, as well as flooding in the rainy season.
📜 Local Laws
Drug laws are strict, and penalties for possession are severe. Respect for local customs and avoiding political demonstrations is important. Photography of government buildings and military areas is restricted.
☎️ Emergency Numbers
| Service | Number |
|---|---|
| Police | 118 |
| Ambulance | 128 |
| Fire Brigade | 115 |
Climate
🌞 Dry Season (November–April)
The dry season is the most popular time to visit, with warm temperatures and minimal rainfall. It is ideal for exploring colonial towns, hiking volcanoes, and enjoying the Pacific coast.
🌧️ Rainy Season (May–October)
The rainy season brings heavy downpours, particularly in September and October. While landscapes are lush and green, rural travel may be disrupted by flooding or muddy roads.
🎒 Packing Tips
Lightweight clothing, a waterproof jacket, insect repellent, and sturdy footwear are essential. For cooler highland areas, a light jumper may be useful. Sun protection is necessary year-round.
🗓️ Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit is during the dry season, particularly between December and March when the weather is at its most stable.
📊 Climate Summary
| Season | Conditions | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Dry (Nov–Apr) | Sunny, warm | Sightseeing, hiking, beaches |
| Rainy (May–Oct) | Heavy showers, lush scenery | Nature, fewer tourists |
Visa information
🛂 Visa Types
Most visitors, including those from the UK, EU, USA, Canada, and Australia, do not need a visa for stays of up to 90 days. Instead, a tourist card is purchased upon arrival at airports or land borders for a small fee, usually payable in US dollars. Longer stays require extensions from Nicaraguan immigration offices.
🌐 Useful Websites
Nicaraguan Immigration: https://www.migob.gob.ni
UK Foreign Travel Advice: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nicaragua
Electrical
Which power plugs and sockets are used in Nicaragua?
Nicaragua uses power outlets and plugs of types A & B. All power sockets in Belize provide a standard voltage of 110V with a standard frequency of 60Hz.
Check out the following pictures.
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