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- Capital: Accra
- System: Unitary presidential constitutional democracy
- Area: 238,533 square kilometers
- Population: Approximately 32 million people (as of 2025).
- Ethnic Groups: Includes Akan, Mole-Dagbani, Ewe, and Ga-Dangme among others.
- Languages:
- The official language is English.
- There are also numerous indigenous languages, including Akan, Ewe, Ga, and Dagbani.
- Religion: Christianity is the dominant religion, followed by Islam and traditional beliefs.
Ghana is a country located in West Africa, known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and diverse natural landscapes.
1. Geography
- Location: Ghana is bordered by Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south.
- Capital: Accra, located along the coast, is the capital and largest city.
- Area: Covers approximately 238,533 square kilometers.
- Regions: Ghana is divided into 16 administrative regions.
2. History
- Ancient Kingdoms: Ghana’s history includes powerful ancient kingdoms such as the Ashanti Empire, known for its wealth and military prowess.
- Colonial Era: Colonized by the British and known as the Gold Coast due to its abundant gold resources.
- Independence: Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from colonial rule on March 6, 1957, under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah.
3. Economy
- Main Industries: Agriculture, mining, and services are key sectors. Major exports include gold, cocoa, and oil.
- Natural Resources: Ghana is one of the world’s largest producers of gold and cocoa.
- Tourism: Popular for its national parks, historical sites like Cape Coast Castle, and vibrant festivals.
4. Culture and Society
- Music and Dance: Known for its highlife music, drumming, and traditional dances.
- Festivals: Celebrates many cultural festivals, such as Homowo and Akwasidae.
- Cuisine: Staples include jollof rice, fufu, banku, and various soups and stews.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
Currency Overview
- Official Currency: Ghanaian Cedi (GHS)
- Symbol: ₵
- Subunit: Pesewa (1 Cedi = 100 Pesewas)
- Common Banknotes: ₵1, ₵2, ₵5, ₵10, ₵20, ₵50, ₵100, ₵200
- Coins: 1 Pesewa, 10 Pesewas, 20 Pesewas, 50 Pesewas, ₵1, ₵2
Exchange Rate
- The exchange rate fluctuates, so check with local forex bureaus, banks, or reliable online sources for the latest rates.
- Major foreign currencies like USD, EUR, and GBP are widely accepted for exchange.
Where to Exchange Money
- Banks: Secure but may have longer processing times.
- Forex Bureaus: Found in cities and tourist areas; usually offer competitive rates.
- ATMs: Widely available in cities; most accept Visa and MasterCard.
- Hotels: Convenient but may offer less favorable rates.
Using Credit and Debit Cards
- Credit cards like Visa and MasterCard are accepted at major hotels, restaurants, and shops in cities. However, cash is preferred in smaller towns and rural areas.
- Ensure your card is enabled for international transactions.
- Some businesses may apply a surcharge for card payments.
ATMs and Cash Withdrawal
- ATMs are common in major cities (Accra, Kumasi, Cape Coast, etc.).
- Look for ATMs at banks like Ecobank, GCB, and Standard Chartered.
- Notify your bank about your travel plans to avoid blocked transactions.
Mobile Money
- Ghana is widely using mobile money services like MTN Mobile Money, AirtelTigo Money, and Vodafone Cash.
- Useful for local transactions, especially in rural areas.
Currency Tips
- Carry Small Denominations: For local markets, taxis, and small shops.
- Inspect Notes: Torn or worn notes may not be accepted.
- Keep Cash Handy: Many areas, especially rural ones, operate on a cash-only basis.
- Avoid Black Market Exchanges: Stick to official outlets for safety
Tipping
Tipping is not mandatory in Ghana, but it is appreciated as a gesture of gratitude for good service. Here are some guidelines for tourists on tipping in Ghana:
Restaurants and Cafés
- Upscale restaurants: A tip of 5-10% of the bill is considered generous. Check your bill first, as some high-end establishments include a service charge.
- Local eateries: Tipping is not expected, but leaving a small amount (1-5 GHS) is a kind gesture.
- Street food vendors: Tipping is not customary, but rounding up the bill is appreciated.
Hotels and Accommodation
- Porters and bellboys: 5-10 GHS per bag is a standard tip.
- Housekeeping staff: Leaving 5-10 GHS per day in your room is a kind way to show appreciation.
- Concierge services: For exceptional help, a tip of 10-20 GHS is suitable.
Taxi Drivers
- Taxis: Tipping is not customary, but rounding up the fare or adding a small amount (2-5 GHS) for helpful drivers is appreciated.
- Ride-hailing services (e.g., Bolt): Tipping is not expected, but it’s a thoughtful gesture for excellent service.
Tour Guides and Drivers
- Tour guides: A tip of 20-50 GHS per day, depending on the group size and service quality, is appreciated.
- Private drivers: Tipping 10-20 GHS per day is a kind gesture, especially for longer trips.
Communications
1. Mobile Network Providers
Ghana has a robust mobile network infrastructure, and tourists can easily access affordable communication services. The major mobile network providers include:
- MTN Ghana: The largest provider with extensive nationwide coverage.
- Vodafone Ghana: Offers competitive rates for voice and data services.
- AirtelTigo: Provides decent coverage and affordable plans.
- Glo Ghana: Smaller coverage but attractive promotional offers.
Tip: MTN and Vodafone are the most recommended for reliable coverage in rural and urban areas.
2. Getting a SIM Card
- Where to Buy: SIM cards are available at airports, mobile network outlets, and authorized dealers.
- Registration: Tourists need a valid passport to register a SIM card in compliance with Ghana’s telecommunications regulations.
- Cost: A basic SIM card costs between GHS 5-20 (approximately $1-3).
3. Internet Access
- Mobile Data: Affordable data bundles are available through mobile providers. Prices vary depending on the provider and package.
- Wi-Fi: Common in hotels, restaurants, and cafes in major cities like Accra, Kumasi, and Cape Coast. Some Wi-Fi hotspots may require a fee.
- Public Internet Cafes: Found in urban areas, though less common due to widespread mobile internet usage.
4. Roaming Services
- Ensure your home network provider supports international roaming in Ghana. However, roaming can be costly. Consider purchasing a local SIM card instead.
5. Communication Apps
Popular apps in Ghana include:
- WhatsApp: Widely used for messaging and calls.
- Facebook Messenger: Common for both locals and tourists.
- Google Maps: Useful for navigation in urban and rural areas.
- Bolt & Uber: For transport within cities like Accra and Kumasi.
Hotels
- In our experience, the mattresses on the beds are very firm. Certainly, more than we liked. We had expected as much and had packed an inflatable camping mattress for the trip!
- Outside of the big cities, we found that the smaller hotels do not provide toiletries – you might get a small bar of soap. So, bring your own.
Getting around
1. Domestic Flights
- Airports: Ghana has several domestic airports, including Accra (Kotoka International Airport), Kumasi, Takoradi, Tamale, and Sunyani.
- Airlines: Domestic airlines like Africa World Airlines (AWA) and PassionAir connect major cities like Accra, Kumasi, Tamale, and Takoradi.
- Advantages: Fast and convenient for long-distance travel, especially to the northern regions.
- Disadvantages: More expensive compared to road travel.
2. Intercity Buses
- Types of Buses:
- STC Coaches: Reliable government-operated buses with routes connecting major cities and neighboring countries.
- VIP Buses: Comfortable and popular for intercity travel, especially between Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale.
- Metro Mass Transit: Affordable, but less comfortable and slower.
- Booking: Tickets can often be purchased at bus terminals or online for some operators.
- Advantages: Affordable, comfortable options are available for longer distances.
- Disadvantages: Travel times can be long due to road conditions.
3. Tro-Tros
- What They Are: Shared minibuses or vans that operate on fixed routes within cities and between towns.
- Cost: Very cheap compared to other forms of transport.
- Pros:
- Extensive network that covers most urban and rural areas.
- A great way to experience local culture.
- Cons:
- Can be overcrowded and uncomfortable.
- No fixed schedules – they leave when full.
4. Taxis
- Types:
- Shared Taxis: Operate like tro-tros on fixed routes but cost slightly more.
- Private Hire Taxis: Can be chartered for door-to-door service.
- Tips:
- Negotiate fares before starting the journey if there’s no meter.
- Brightly coloured taxis are easily recognizable.
5. Ride-Hailing Apps
- Popular apps like Bolt and Yango are available in major cities like Accra and Kumasi.
- Advantages:
- More convenient and safer than traditional taxis.
- Prices are usually fixed through the app.
6. Car Rentals
- Options: Available in major cities, with or without a driver.
- Requirements: A valid international driver’s license or a local Ghanaian license.
- Advantages: Flexibility for exploring less accessible areas.
- Disadvantages: Expensive, and driving can be challenging due to road conditions and local driving habits.
7. Motorbikes (Okada)
- Usage: Popular in rural areas and smaller towns for short distances.
- Pros:
- Quick and manoeuvrable in traffic.
- Affordable.
- Cons:
- Can be unsafe; use only trusted operators and wear a helmet.
Health advice
The US Center For Disease Control maintains an updated list of medical advice for those travelling to Ghana
Pre-Travel Preparations
Vaccinations:
- Yellow Fever Vaccine: Mandatory for all travelers entering Ghana. Proof of vaccination is required at entry.
- Other Recommended Vaccines:
- Hepatitis A and B
- Typhoid
- Polio (if not already up to date)
- Meningococcal meningitis (especially if visiting during the dry season, November–April)
- Rabies (for extended stays or if you plan to be in remote areas)
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR), Tetanus, and Influenza (ensure routine vaccinations are updated).
Malaria Prevention:
- Ghana is a malaria-endemic region.
- Medication: Consult a healthcare provider for antimalarial prophylaxis, such as atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine.
- Protection: Use insect repellent containing DEET, sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and wear long-sleeved clothing, especially in the evenings.
Travel Insurance:
- Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation coverage.
Prescription Medications:
- Bring an adequate supply of any regular medications.
- Carry them in their original packaging with a copy of your prescription.
Health Advice from a Doctor:
- Schedule a pre-travel consultation with a doctor or travel clinic 4–8 weeks before your trip.
During Your Stay
Drinking Water:
- Avoid tap water. Drink bottled or boiled water and avoid ice cubes.
- Brush your teeth with bottled water if possible.
Food Safety:
- Eat freshly prepared, hot food.
- Avoid raw or undercooked seafood and meat.
- Be cautious with street food unless it’s cooked thoroughly.
Hygiene:
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or use hand sanitizer.
- Carry a small first aid kit with basic supplies like antiseptics, plasters, and diarrhea relief medication.
Healthcare Facilities:
- Ghana has public and private healthcare facilities, with better-equipped private hospitals in major cities like Accra and Kumasi.
- In case of emergency, some well-known private hospitals include:
- Nyaho Medical Centre (Accra)
- Lister Hospital (Accra)
- Kumasi South Regional Hospital (Kumasi)
Health Risks to Be Aware Of
Diseases Spread by Mosquitoes:
- Malaria and dengue fever are prevalent. Prevent mosquito bites as much as possible.
Waterborne Illnesses:
- Cholera and other gastrointestinal infections can occur, especially during the rainy season. Stick to safe drinking water practices.
Heat-Related Issues:
- Ghana’s tropical climate can lead to dehydration, heatstroke, or sunburn. Stay hydrated and use sunscreen.
COVID-19:
- Check current entry requirements related to COVID-19, such as testing or vaccination requirements.
Other Conditions:
- Schistosomiasis: Avoid swimming in freshwater lakes or rivers.
Safety
1. Safety in Cities and Urban Areas
- Petty Crime: Be cautious of pickpockets and bag snatchers, especially in crowded markets, public transport areas, and tourist hotspots.
- Transportation: Use reputable taxi services or ride-hailing apps like Bolt or Uber instead of flagging down random cabs. Avoid travelling late at night.
- Cash and Valuables: Carry only small amounts of cash, and avoid displaying expensive jewellery or gadgets.
2. Cultural Sensitivity and Respect
- Greetings: Ghanaians value politeness. Greet people respectfully when interacting.
- Dress Code: While Ghana is relatively liberal, dressing modestly is appreciated, especially in rural areas and religious sites.
- Photography: Always ask for permission before photographing people or sacred sites. Avoid photographing military or government buildings.
3. Travel to Rural Areas and National Parks
- Road Safety: Roads in rural areas may be poorly maintained, and driving standards vary. If you plan to drive, be cautious.
- Wildlife: While exploring national parks, adhere to the guidance of park rangers to ensure safety.
- Community Visits: Be mindful of local customs and traditions when visiting villages.
4. Beach and Coastal Safety
- Swimming: Exercise caution when swimming in the ocean, as some beaches have strong currents and no lifeguards.
- Personal Belongings: Avoid leaving valuables unattended on the beach.
5. Emergency Contacts
- Police: Dial 191
- Fire Service: Dial 192
- Ambulance: Dial 193
- Save the contact information for your country’s embassy or consulate in Ghana.
Climate
General Climate Overview
Seasons:
- Dry Season: November to March (Harmattan season: December to February). Expect hot, dry weather with dusty winds from the Sahara.
- Rainy Season:
- Southern Ghana: April to June and September to November.
- Northern Ghana: May to October.
Temperature:
- Coastal areas: 24°C – 30°C (75°F – 86°F).
- Inland and northern regions: Can be hotter, reaching up to 40°C (104°F) during the dry season.
Humidity:
- Generally high, especially in the southern rainforest areas.
- Lower during the Harmattan due to dry winds.
Tourist Tips
Best Time to Visit:
- November to March: Ideal for wildlife safaris and visiting the northern regions.
- June to August: Cooler and less humid in southern Ghana, great for exploring coastal cities like Accra and Cape Coast.
What to Pack:
- Light, breathable clothing for the heat and humidity.
- Rain gear or umbrella during the rainy season.
- Sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses for protection against strong sunlight.
- A scarf or face mask to protect against Harmattan dust in the dry season.
Visa information
Travellers planning to visit Ghana should be aware of the country’s visa requirements, which vary based on nationality and purpose of visit. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you prepare for your trip:
Visa Exemptions:
Citizens from the following countries can enter Ghana without a visa for stays up to 90 days:
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Cape Verde
- Côte d’Ivoire
- The Gambia
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Liberia
- Mali
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
Additionally, nationals from Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, and Mauritius can visit Ghana without a visa for up to 60 days.
Visa on Arrival:
Citizens of African Union member states that are not visa-exempt may obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days, subject to a fee of $150 USD.
Pre-Arranged Visa:
Travellers from countries not mentioned above are generally required to obtain a visa prior to arrival. This includes citizens from the United States, Canada, European Union member states, and many others. It’s advisable to consult the nearest Ghanaian embassy or consulate for specific requirements.
General Visa Requirements:
Applicants typically need to provide:
- A valid passport with at least six months validity from the date of entry.
- Completed visa application form.
- Two recent passport-sized photographs.
- Proof of accommodation in Ghana (hotel reservation or invitation letter).
- Return or onward travel ticket.
- Proof of sufficient funds for the duration of stay.
- International certificate of vaccination for Yellow Fever.
Application Process:
- Complete the Application Form: Obtain and fill out the visa application form from the Ghanaian embassy or consulate’s website in your country.
- Gather Required Documents: Assemble all necessary documents as listed above.
- Submit Application: Submit your application in person or by mail to the appropriate Ghanaian diplomatic mission.
- Pay Fees: Visa fees vary depending on the type and duration of the visa. For example, a single-entry visa may cost around $60 USD, while a multiple-entry visa may be $100 USD.
- Processing Time: Standard processing can take up to 15-20 business days, while expedited services may take approximately 7 business days.
Additional Information:
- Extension of Stay: Visitors wishing to extend their stay must apply to the Director of the Ghana Immigration Service. Extensions are granted based on sufficient reason and proof of financial support.
- Prohibited Activities: Tourist visa holders are not permitted to engage in employment during their stay.
- Health Requirements: All travellers above nine months old are required to have been vaccinated against Yellow Fever.
It’s essential to verify the most current visa policies and requirements with the nearest Ghanaian embassy or consulate, as regulations may change. Proper preparation will ensure a smooth entry into Ghana, allowing you to enjoy the rich culture and hospitality the country offers.
Electrical
Which power plugs and sockets are used in Ghana?
Ghana uses power outlets and plugs of types D & G. All power sockets in Ghana provide a standard voltage of 230V with a standard frequency of 50Hz.
Type D – Mostly used in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and a few African countries. No other plug types will fit in a type D socket.
Type G – From British origin, mainly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Malaysia and Singapore, but also in quite a few other countries. No other plug types fit into an outlet of type G.
