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Anhui Province lies in eastern China, bordered by Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Shandong. It is often described as a province of contrasts, with its terrain ranging from fertile plains in the north to rugged mountains in the south. The Yangtze and Huai rivers divide the province into distinct regions, shaping both its agriculture and culture. The north is largely flat and given over to farming, producing wheat, rice, and soybeans, while the southern areas are known for their dramatic landscapes, dense forests, and tea-growing hillsides. Hefei, the provincial capital, has developed rapidly in recent decades, becoming a centre for education, research, and technology. Despite modern progress, Anhui retains a strong sense of its rural roots, with traditional markets, small villages, and ancient temples still part of daily life.
The province has a long history that stretches back thousands of years, with evidence of early settlements found along the Huai River basin. During imperial times, Anhui was home to notable scholars and artists, particularly from the Huizhou region, whose merchants and craftsmen gained fame throughout China. The old towns of Huizhou, such as Hongcun and Xidi, are today recognised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites for their preserved Ming and Qing dynasty architecture. The area’s distinctive white-walled, grey-tiled houses and narrow lanes offer a glimpse into a way of life that once dominated the region. Mount Huangshan, or the Yellow Mountain, also located in southern Anhui, has inspired poets and painters for centuries with its striking granite peaks and ever-changing mists. It remains one of China’s most celebrated natural landmarks and a popular destination for visitors seeking both scenery and history.
Modern Anhui continues to balance economic growth with the preservation of its natural and cultural heritage. Industries such as manufacturing and technology have brought new opportunities, particularly around Hefei and Wuhu, yet many areas remain reliant on farming and tourism. The province’s diverse geography and varied climate have also made it an important producer of agricultural goods and famous teas, such as Keemun black tea from Qimen County. In rural regions, traditions tied to festivals, family life, and local crafts still hold strong. While life in Anhui is changing quickly, especially in its cities, the slower pace and enduring customs of its countryside continue to reflect a deeper sense of continuity and resilience.
