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Capital city Harare
Government system Unitary dominant-party presidential republic
Surface area 390,757 km²
Population Around 16.7 million (2024 est.)
Languages spoken English (official), Shona, Sindebele (Ndebele), plus various minority languages
Major religions Christianity (predominantly), with small communities of Islam and traditional African religions
Country Overview
Zimbabwe is a landlocked nation in southern Africa bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, and Zambia. Known for its dramatic landscapes and remarkable wildlife, the country is home to natural wonders such as Victoria Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in the world, and vast national parks teeming with elephants, lions, and other iconic African species. Its geography varies from fertile farmlands to high plateaus and rugged mountains, giving it a diverse natural character that continues to attract visitors despite economic and political challenges.
The capital city, Harare, is the largest urban centre and the country’s economic hub, with bustling markets, colonial-era buildings, and cultural institutions. Outside the capital, smaller cities such as Bulawayo, Mutare, and Masvingo offer distinct cultural and historical perspectives, with Bulawayo known for its broad avenues and museums, and Masvingo giving access to the ancient stone ruins of Great Zimbabwe, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These ruins are among the most important archaeological treasures in Africa, reflecting the sophisticated civilisations that once thrived in the region.
Tourism, agriculture, and mining form the backbone of the economy. Zimbabwe is rich in natural resources, especially gold, platinum, and diamonds. Yet the nation has faced ongoing economic difficulties, including inflation and currency challenges, which have shaped daily life. Visitors will find a country of contrasts: warm hospitality from its people, outstanding natural attractions, and a vibrant culture, all set against a backdrop of political and financial struggles.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Currency & banking
💰 Currency Overview
Zimbabwe has experienced one of the most turbulent currency histories in modern times. After years of hyperinflation, the Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL) was abandoned in 2009 in favour of a multi-currency system dominated by the US dollar and South African rand. Since then, the government has attempted to reintroduce its own currency, but the economy remains largely dependent on foreign currencies, with the US dollar continuing as the primary medium of exchange for tourists.
💵 Denominations
The Zimbabwean dollar exists in banknotes of varying values, but they are not always widely accepted or available. In reality, most transactions for visitors will be conducted in US dollars, which circulate freely. Coins are rare, and small denominations are often substituted with sweets or small items in markets. Tourists should always carry smaller notes, as change can be a challenge, especially in rural areas.
💳 Currency Exchange
Official exchange bureaus, hotels, and banks will convert foreign currencies into local currency, but the US dollar remains the most reliable option. Black-market exchanges exist but are risky and illegal, with severe penalties. Travellers are strongly advised to use authorised exchange services, even if the rates are less favourable. Having US dollars in cash is the most convenient way to avoid difficulties, particularly in smaller towns where card facilities are scarce.
🏧 Credit Cards and ATMs
Credit card use is limited outside major cities and top-end hotels. Visa and MasterCard are more widely accepted than other cards, though even these may fail if banking systems are down. ATMs are unreliable and often short of cash, making it unwise to rely on them as a primary source of funds. Tourists are advised to bring sufficient US dollars in cash for the duration of their stay and to use credit cards only in reputable establishments.
Tipping
🍽️ Tipping in Restaurants
In Zimbabwe, tipping is not obligatory but is warmly appreciated. In restaurants, a tip of around 10% of the bill is customary if service has been good. In more tourist-focused establishments, this may be expected. Smaller local eateries may not expect tips, but leaving a few coins or rounding up the bill is a nice gesture.
🏨 Tipping in Hotels
Hotel staff, such as porters and cleaners, often rely on tips to supplement their wages. A tip of around US$1 per bag for porters and a few dollars for housekeeping at the end of a stay is considered polite. At higher-end lodges, tipping is more formalised, with communal tip boxes often provided to distribute among staff.
🚕 Tipping for Taxis
Taxis do not usually expect tips, but rounding up the fare to the nearest dollar is a common practice. For longer rides or private arrangements, adding a small bonus is a kind way to recognise good service. Always agree on the fare beforehand, as taxis are rarely metered.
🚐 Tipping Guides and Drivers
Guides and drivers who accompany tourists on safaris or tours depend heavily on tips. A general guideline is US$10–15 per day for guides and US$5–10 per day for drivers, adjusted for the size of the group. These should be given directly and discreetly at the end of the service.
Communications
📶 Public WiFi
Public WiFi is limited in Zimbabwe, with only some airports, cafes, and shopping centres providing access. Connections are often slow and unreliable, and free access is not widespread. Travellers should not rely on public WiFi for important communications.
🏨 Hotel WiFi
Most mid-range and high-end hotels provide WiFi, though the quality can be inconsistent. Speeds are often slow, and outages are not uncommon. In some lodges and rural accommodations, WiFi may only be available in common areas, rather than in guest rooms.
📱 Mobile Networks and SIM Cards
Zimbabwe has several mobile networks, with Econet being the largest and most reliable. SIM cards are inexpensive and can be purchased at kiosks or shops with passport identification. Data packages are affordable, though coverage in rural or remote areas may be weak. Using a local SIM is often the most practical way for tourists to stay connected.
Getting around
✈️ Air Travel
Domestic flights connect Harare with Bulawayo, Victoria Falls, and other major cities. Services are relatively reliable, but schedules can change at short notice. Booking in advance is advisable, especially during the peak tourist season.
🚆 Trains
Rail travel in Zimbabwe is limited and generally not recommended for tourists due to outdated infrastructure and long delays. While overnight trains do exist, they are slow and not always safe.
🚍 Buses and Coaches
Long-distance buses operate between cities and towns, but comfort levels vary widely. Luxury coach services exist for major routes, but local buses can be overcrowded. They are affordable but not always reliable in terms of timetables.
🚖 Taxis
Taxis are available in cities but are usually unmetered. Fares must be negotiated beforehand, and tourists should only use licensed taxis to avoid overcharging or safety concerns.
🚗 Driving and Local Laws
Driving is on the left-hand side of the road, and an international driving permit is required. Roads between major cities are generally in fair condition, but rural roads can be poor, especially in the rainy season. Police roadblocks are common, and drivers should carry all vehicle documents and remain polite. Speed limits are strictly enforced, and drink-driving is a serious offence. Night driving should be avoided due to poor lighting and stray animals.
Health advice
💉 Suggested Vaccines
| Vaccine | Recommendation for Zimbabwe |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis A | Recommended |
| Hepatitis B | Recommended for longer stays |
| Typhoid | Recommended |
| Yellow Fever | Required if arriving from a risk country |
| Rabies | Consider for rural stays |
| Tetanus/Diphtheria | Ensure up-to-date |
| Malaria Prophylaxis | Strongly recommended |
🦟 Diseases
Malaria is a significant risk, particularly in lowland areas such as Victoria Falls and national parks. Preventative medication, mosquito nets, and repellents are strongly advised. Other diseases include bilharzia from freshwater sources and sporadic outbreaks of cholera and typhoid in areas with poor sanitation.
🏥 Potential Health Issues
Heatstroke, dehydration, and sunburn are common for tourists unaccustomed to the climate. Safe drinking water is not always guaranteed, so bottled or boiled water should be consumed.
🏨 Healthcare Standards
Healthcare facilities in major cities offer basic services, but they are often under-resourced. Rural areas have very limited medical facilities. Serious medical conditions may require evacuation to South Africa.
🛡️ Insurance
Comprehensive travel insurance covering medical evacuation is essential. Tourists should not travel without it, given the limited healthcare infrastructure.
Safety
🚨 Crime
Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, can occur in busy markets and urban areas. Car theft and break-ins are also issues. Tourists should avoid carrying valuables openly and use hotel safes where possible.
⚠️ General Safety Issues
Political demonstrations sometimes occur and can turn violent. Tourists should avoid large gatherings. Rural roads can be dangerous due to poor maintenance and livestock.
📜 Local Laws
Taking photographs of government buildings, military sites, or police is strictly prohibited. Possession of drugs carries heavy penalties. Homosexuality remains stigmatised and can lead to harassment.
📞 Emergency Numbers
| Service | Number |
|---|---|
| Police | 995 |
| Ambulance | 994 |
| Fire Brigade | 993 |
Climate
🌦️ Summer (November to March)
Summer is the rainy season, with heavy showers and high humidity. Travel to national parks can be more difficult due to muddy roads, but the landscape is lush and green.
🍂 Autumn (April to May)
This period sees drier weather with cooler evenings. It is a good time for wildlife viewing as vegetation begins to thin out, making animals easier to spot.
❄️ Winter (June to August)
Winter is dry and cooler, particularly at night. This is the peak safari season, with animals gathering around waterholes. Victoria Falls is also most impressive during this time.
🌸 Spring (September to October)
Spring is hot and dry, with increasing temperatures before the rains return. Wildlife viewing is excellent, though heat can be intense.
🎒 Packing Tips
Lightweight clothing for hot days, warm layers for cool nights, and a waterproof jacket for the rainy season are recommended. Strong insect repellent, sunscreen, and a hat are essential.
📊 Climate Summary Table
| Season | Weather | Travel Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Summer | Hot, rainy, humid | Lush landscapes |
| Autumn | Mild, dry | Start of safari season |
| Winter | Cool, dry | Best wildlife viewing |
| Spring | Hot, dry | Excellent safaris, less crowded |
🌍 Best Time to Visit
The best overall time to visit Zimbabwe is during the dry winter months from June to August, when wildlife viewing is at its best and travel conditions are more reliable.
Visa information
🛂 Visa Types
Tourists require a visa to enter Zimbabwe, which can be obtained on arrival at airports and land borders or in advance online through the eVisa system. Single-entry, double-entry, and multiple-entry visas are available depending on the travel itinerary. Fees vary by nationality and entry type.
🔗 Useful Links
Official Zimbabwe eVisa Portal: www.evisa.gov.zw
Zimbabwe Tourism Authority: www.zimbabwetourism.net
Electrical
Which power plugs and sockets in Zimbabwe?
In Zimbabwe, the power plugs and sockets are of type G. Check out the following pictures.
Type G: this type is of British origin. This socket only works with plug G.
Type D: this type is of South African origin. This socket only works with plug G.
 |  |
| Type G: This socket has no alternative plugs | Type D: This socket has no alternative plugs |